(a) MPA prevented TGF-β1-induced expression of Nox-2 and fibrogenesis. NRK52E cells were treated with TGF-β1 to induce EMT. Some cells were pretreated with MPA (10μM) for 30 minutes prior to TGF-β1 (20 ng/mL) addition or treated with MPA alone. We harvested the cells after 48 hours, extracted proteins and performed immunoblot analyses for phospho-NF-κB, Nox-2, phospho-smad2, α-SMA and β-actin internal control protein. The bar graph on the right shows the average of three independent studies and reflects the fold changes (arbitrary units using the NIH image J software) of protein expression compared to β-actin the internal control. (b) Bar graph representing real time PCR data from NRK52E cells treated with MPA, TGF-β1 or MPA plus TGF-β1 for 2 to 12h. Data were normalized to S26 internal control and presented as fold change compared to no treatment. All studies were repeated three times and the bar graphs represent the average fold change compared to no treatment.