Table 1.

Summary of Findings from Review of Risk Factors Empirically Associated with Violence to Others in Veteran Populations

Risk Domain	Risk Factors for Intimate Partner/ Domestic Violence	Related to Both Types of Violence	Risk Factors for General Interpersonal Violence
Dispositional	Younger age	✓	Younger age
			Lower education level
Historical	Past violent behavior	✓	Past violent behavior
	Combat Exposure (atrocities, perceived threat)	✓	Combat Exposure (killing/seeing killings)
	Chaotic family life growing up		Witnessed violence growing up
	Maltreatment/Abuse as a Child	✓	Abuse/maltreatment as a child
Clinical	Meets criteria for PTSD	✓	Meets criteria for PTSD
	Severe PTSD Symptoms	✓	Severe PTSD Symptoms
	Substance abuse	✓	Substance abuse
	Depression	✓	Depression
	Personality Disorder		Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
			Higher levels of anger
Contextual	Financial Status (Unemployment)	✓	Financial Status (Lower SES and income)
	Marital/relationship problems
	Higher levels of stress
	Shorter/newer marriages
	Children in the home

Note. Each risk factor above was demonstrated in two or more studies to be statistically associated with the specific category of violence under which it is listed. Risk factors with check marks (✓) were found to be associated with violence to others committed by Veterans in four or more studies.