Table 3.
Multivariate associations with reporting of arthritis in EARTH study participants*
| Characteristic | Alaska | Southwest US |
|---|---|---|
| Age, years | ||
| 18–24† | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 25–34 | 4.1 (2.2–7.8) | 3.1 (1.6–5.8) |
| 35–44 | 7.6 (4.1–14.2) | 5.4 (2.9–9.9) |
| 45–54 | 13.7 (7.4–25.4) | 12.5 (6.8–23.0) |
| 55–64 | 17.8 (9.4–34.0) | 20.4 (11.0–37.8) |
| ≥65 | 19.8 (9.8–39.6) | 25.5 (13.0–49.8) |
| Sex | ||
| Male† | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Female | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) |
| Education | ||
| Less than high school† | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| High school/GED or greater | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) |
| Employment | ||
| Employed† | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Not employed | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) |
| Marital Status | ||
| Married† | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Not married | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.8 (0.6–0.9) |
| Residency | ||
| Rural† | NA | 1.0 |
| Urban | NA | 1.6 (1.1–2.3) |
| Alaska region | ||
| Southcentral† | 1.0 | NA |
| Southeast | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | NA |
| Southwest | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | NA |
| Language spoken at home | ||
| AI/AN only | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) |
| AI/AN and English | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) |
| English only† | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Identification with tribal traditions | ||
| A lot/some | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) |
| A little/not at all† | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Income | ||
| <$15,000 | 0.9 (0.8–1.2) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) |
| ≥$15,000† | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | ||
| 18.5–24.9† | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 25.0–29.9 | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) |
| ≥30 | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) |
| Vigorous physical activity, hours/week | ||
| None† | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| >0 to <2.5 | 1.2 (0.9–1.4) | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) |
| ≥2.5 | 1.2 (1.0–1.6) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) |
| Chronic medical conditions | ||
| None | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 1–2 | 1.9 (1.5–2.4) | 1.8 (1.4–2.3) |
| >2 | 3.8 (2.8–5.1) | 3.2 (2.5–4.1) |
| General health | ||
| Excellent/very good/good | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Fair/poor | 1.6 (1.3–2.0) | 1.6 (1.4–2.0) |
*
Values are the adjusted OR (95% confidence interval). ORs are from multivariate models regressing the outcome of arthritis on all listed variables. The Alaska and Southwest US samples were fit separately. The Alaska model excludes the urban/rural covariate and Southwest US model excludes Alaska region covariate. EARTH = Education and Research Towards Health; GED = General Educational Development certification; NA = not applicable; AI = American Indian; AN = Alaska Native; BMI = body mass index; ORs = odds ratios.
†
Reference group.