TABLE 4.
Odds of Foregone Care in the Past 12 Months Among AIAN and Non-Hispanic White US Veterans 18- to 64-Year-Old, NHIS 1997–2006
| Medical |
Mental |
Dental |
Medications |
Glasses |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Self-reported race | ||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 0.8 | (0.5, 1.2) | 0.4 | (0.1, 1.4) | 1.1 | (0.8, 1.7) | 1.2 | (0.7, 2.1) | 1.6 | (0.9, 2.7) |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Female | 1.4 | (1.2, 1.6)* | 2.6 | (1.9, 3.6)* | 1.5 | (1.2, 1.8)* | 1.8 | (1.4, 2.3)* | 2.2 | (1.7, 2.8)* |
| Age group | ||||||||||
| 18–24 yr | 1.3 | (0.9, 1.9) | 3.3 | (1.4, 7.8)† | 1.7 | (1.1, 2.7)‡ | 3.7 | (2.1, 6.5)* | 1.3 | (0.7, 2.4) |
| 25–34 yr | 1.8 | (1.5, 2.2)* | 3.3 | (2.1, 5.1)* | 2.1 | (1.7, 2.7)* | 2.7 | (2.0, 3.7)* | 1.2 | (0.8, 1.7) |
| 35–44 yr | 1.8 | (1.6, 2.1)* | 3.6 | (2.5, 5.3)* | 2.2 | (1.8, 2.7)* | 3.0 | (2.3, 3.9)* | 1.6 | (1.2, 2.0)† |
| 45–54 yr | 1.4 | (1.1, 1.6)* | 2.9 | (2.0, 4.2)* | 1.8 | (1.5, 2.1)* | 1.8 | (1.4, 2.3)* | 1.8 | (1.4, 2.3)‡ |
| 55–64 yr | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Marital status | ||||||||||
| Married | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Separated, divorced, widowed | 1.8 | (1.6, 2.1)* | 1.8 | (1.4, 2.4)* | 1.6 | (1.4, 1.8)* | 1.4 | (1.2, 1.7)† | 1.3 | (1.0, 1.5)‡ |
| Never married | 1.3 | (1.1, 1.5)† | 1.3 | (0.9, 1.9) | 1.2 | (1.0, 1.4) | 0.9 | (0.7, 1.2) | 0.9 | (0.7, 1.2) |
| Educational attainment | ||||||||||
| Less than a H.S. diploma | 1.6 | (1.3, 2.0)* | 1.2 | (0.8, 2.0) | 1.7 | (1.3, 2.2)* | 2.4 | (1.8, 3.3)* | 2.1 | (1.4, 2.9)* |
| High school diploma | 1.1 | (1.0, 1.3) | 1.2 | (0.8, 1.6) | 1.7 | (1.4, 2.1)* | 1.7 | (1.4, 2.2)* | 1.7 | (1.3, 2.2)* |
| Some college | 1.4 | (1.2, 1.6)* | 1.3 | (0.9, 1.8) | 1.9 | (1.6, 2.3)* | 1.7 | (1.3, 2.1)* | 2.1 | (1.6, 2.7)* |
| College degree | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Employment status | ||||||||||
| Employed | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Unemployed | 1.1 | (1.0, 1.3) | 1.6 | (1.2, 2.2)† | 1.2 | (1.0, 1.4)‡ | 1.3 | (1.0, 1.6)‡ | 1.4 | (1.1, 1.8)† |
| Poverty status | ||||||||||
| At or above 100% FPL | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Below 100% FPL | 1.8 | (1.5, 2.1)* | 1.5 | (1.0, 2.1)‡ | 1.5 | (1.2, 1.8)* | 2.1 | (1.7, 2.7)* | 1.6 | (1.2, 2.1)† |
| Census region | ||||||||||
| Northeast | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Midwest | 0.9 | (0.7, 1.0) | 0.8 | (0.5, 1.2) | 0.9 | (0.7, 1.1) | 0.9 | (0.7, 1.2) | 1.0 | (0.7, 1.3) |
| South | 1.1 | (1.0, 1.3) | 0.9 | (0.6, 1.2) | 1.0 | (0.8, 1.2) | 1.0 | (0.7, 1.2) | 0.9 | (0.7, 1.2) |
| West | 1.2 | (1.0, 1.4)‡ | 0.8 | (0.6, 1.2) | 1.2 | (0.9, 1.4) | 1.0 | (0.8, 1.3) | 0.9 | (0.7, 1.3) |
| Type of insurance | ||||||||||
| Insured | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Uninsured | 7.3 | (6.4, 8.3)* | 4.2 | (3.1, 5.6)* | 4.3 | (3.7, 5.1)* | 5.2 | (4.3, 6.2)* | 4.0 | (3.2, 5.0)* |
| Activity limitation | ||||||||||
| No activity limitation | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Any activity limitation | 3.6 | (3.1, 4.1)* | 5.0 | (3.7, 6.6)* | 3.4 | (2.9, 4.0)* | 4.5 | (3.6, 5.6)* | 3.6 | (2.8, 4.5)* |
| Survey time period | ||||||||||
| Pre-conflict (1997–2001) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Conflict (2002–2006) | 1.4 | (1.2, 1.5)* | 1.3 | (1.0, 1.7) | 1.3 | (1.1, 1.5)* | 1.5 | (1.3, 1.8)* | 1.3 | (1.0, 1.5)‡ |
*
P < 0.001,
†
P < 0.01,
‡
P < 0.05