CB1 and TRPV1 induce EGFR-linked signaling activation. (A) Changes in Akt, p38 and Erk1/2 phosphorylation status induced by either EGF, WIN55, 212-2 (WIN; 10 μM) or capsaicin (CAP; 10 μM). HCEC were incubated with either 5 μM AG1478, 10 μM AM251 or 10 μM capsazepine (CPZ) for 30 min; then exposed to 10 ng/ml EGF, 10 μM CAP or 10 μM WIN. In some cases, the cells were exposed to EGF, CAP or WIN alone. Following the incubation, the cells were exposed to either an anti p-Akt, p-p38 or p-Erk1/2 antibody and phosphorylation status was detected based on Western blot analysis. (B) Time-dependent changes in the phosphorylation status of p-p38, p-JNK/SAPK and p-Erk1/2 induced by exposure to 10 ng/ml EGF. (C) Time-dependent changes in the phosphorylation status of p-p38, p-JNK/SAPK and p-Erk1/2 induced by exposure to 10 μM CAP. Equal loading of proteins in each lane was always confirmed by reprobing the same blot with an anti β-actin antibody. The data represent the means ± SEM (n=3, P < 0.05).