Fig. 3.
Design of homogeneous sensors for detecting pathogenic bacteria (upper panel) [12]. Increased stability of the pair of antibodies bound to neighboring sites on the surface of the cell due to additional favorable free energy derived from hybridization of complementary signaling oligonucleotides (lower left panel). Fluorescence FRET images of 96-well microplate wells containing indicated amounts of E. coli O157:H7 cells or control cells (E. coli K12) (lower right panel). Reprinted from Analytical Biochemistry, 396, Heyduk, E. and Heyduk, T., Fluorescent homogenous immunosensors for detecting pathogenic bacteria, 298–303, 2010, with permission from Elsevier.