Increased microglia in the pre-chiasmatic optic nerves of Nf1+/−GFAPCKO mice. Sections from 9-month-old wild-type (A, E), Nf1+/− (B, F), Nf1GFAPCKO (C, G) and Nf1+/−GFAPCKO (D, H) mice were immunostained with Iba1 and GFAP antibodies. Ramified, quiescent microglia were observed in wild-type (A, E), Nf1+/− (B, F) and Nf1GFAPCKO mice (C, G). In contrast, increased numbers of microglia with thickened processes were found in the pre-chiasmatic optic nerves from Nf1+/−GFAPCKO mice (D, H). Quantitation is shown in panel I. Error bar=SD. * P < 0.05 compared to wild-type mice, n = 5 optic nerve sections/mouse/group. Scale bars: (A-D) 50 μm; (E-H) 10 μm.