Table 1.
Patient Characteristics and Violence Screening.
| Total (N) | A) Screened N (%) |
B) OR, Screened (95% CI) |
C) OR, Addressed (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total, No. | 10,071 | 6,563 (65.2) | ||
| Age, years mean (±SD) | 42.7 (±17.0) | 40.9 (±15.7) | 0.94 (0.92–0.95)† | 1.01 (0.99–1.03)† |
| Sex, No. | ||||
| Female | 5,098 | 3,562 (69.9) | Reference | Reference |
| Male | 4,970 | 3,001 (60.4) | 1.37 (1.25–1.50) | 0.97 (0.64–1.47) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| White | 7,882 | 5,260 (66.7) | Reference | Reference |
| Black or African | 666 | 445 (66.8) | 0.87 (0.73–1.05) | 0.57 (0.26–1.23) |
| American | 745 | 427 (57.3) | 0.99 (0.81–1.23) | 1.01 (0.44–2.36) |
| Hispanic | 413 | 238 (42.4) | 0.84 (0.67–1.05) | 1.62 (0.56–4.69) |
| Other | ||||
| Primary language | ||||
| English | 9,435 | 6,283 (66.6) | Reference | Reference |
| Non-English | 636 | 280 (44.0) | 0.33 (0.26–0.41) | 0.78 (0.31–1.97) |
| Insurance status | ||||
| Commercial or other | 3,681 | 2,405 (65.3) | Reference | Reference |
| insured | 1,856 | 1,077 (58.0) | 0.96 (0.83–1.11) | 0.97 (0.52–1.85) |
| Medicare | 1,622 | 1,117 (68.9) | 1.04 (0.90–1.20) | 1.89 (1.02–3.50) |
| Medicaid | 2,912 | 1,964 (67.5) | 1.08 (0.97–1.23) | 1.69 (0.99–2.91) |
| Uninsured or unknown | ||||
| Triage acuity* | ||||
| 2 | 1,704 | 645 (37.9) | Reference | Reference |
| 3 | 6,106 | 4,273 (70.0) | 3.58 (3.19–4.03) | 0.95 (0.54–1.68) |
| 4 or 5 | 1,990 | 1,624 (81.6) | 6.14 (5.24–7.20) | 1.36 (0.69–2.67) |
| Presenting shift | ||||
| Day (7:00a–2:59p) | 4,161 | 2,873 (69.1) | Reference | Reference |
| Evening (3:00p–10:59p) | 4,372 | 2,728 (62.4) | 0.82 (0.74–0.91) | 1.51 (0.96– 2.37) |
| Night (11:00p–6:59a) | 1,538 | 962 (62.6) | 0.93 (0.81–1.07) | 0.84 (0.45–1.57) |
| Mental health diagnoses^ | 443 | 263 (59.4) | 0.91 (0.73–1.13) | 0.91 (0.33–2.45) |
| Substance use diagnoses^ | 1.96 (0.39– | |||
| Alcohol | 257 | 86 (33.5) | 0.30 (0.22–0.40) | 10.14)†† |
| Drug | 122 | 65 (53.3) | 0.56 (0.38–0.83) |
A) Proportion screened for violence; B) Odds ratios for completed violence screening; C) Odds ratios for having positive screens addressed further
*
Patients categorized as level 1 with the Emergency Severity Index were excluded
^
Mental health and substance use were dichotomous variables representing “present” or “absent.” The reference value for specific diagnosis variables was 0, or “absent.”
†
Reflects OR for every 5-year increase in age
††
Alcohol and drug use diagnoses were combined in this analysis, given the small numbers of either diagnosis among patients screening positive for violence.