Table 1.
Characteristics of the Entire Sample and by Clinical Cognitive Diagnosis
| Characteristic | All (N=72) | Normal Cognition (n=28) | MCI (n=20) | AD (n=24) | P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 84.6 (6.4) | 81.4 (6.0) | 85.3 (6.5) | 87.9 (4.9) | <.001 |
| Female sex, No. (%) | 42 (58) | 16 (57) | 10 (50) | 16 (67) | .53 |
| Education, mean (SD), y | 18.6 (3.5) | 19.1 (3.4) | 18.6 (3.9) | 17.9 (3.2) | .42 |
| Postmortem interval, mean (SD), h | 7.1 (5.6) | 7.6 (5.6) | 7.6 (7.0) | 6.2 (4.4) | .63 |
| Psychiatric, mean (SD) | |||||
| Anxiety-depression index | −0.06 (0.73) | −0.21 (0.50) | 0.08 (0.84) | 0.0 (0.85) | .36 |
| Anxiety Trait Scale score | 3.2 (3.7) | 2.6 (3.0) | 3.5 (3.9) | 3.7 (4.2) | .55 |
| Depression sum score | 1.4 (1.2) | 1.2 (0.8) | 1.7 (1.5) | 1.4 (1.3) | .27 |
| Cognitive, mean (SD) | |||||
| MMSE score | 24.2 (5.8) | 27.9 (1.5) | 26.3 (2.7) | 18.3 (6.2) | <.001 |
| Global cognition score | −0.65 (0.74) | −0.04 (0.60) | −0.53 (0.38) | −1.47 (0.60) | <.001 |
| Episodic memory score | −0.67 (1.1) | 0.26 (0.36) | −0.50 (0.50) | −1.89 (0.95) | <.001 |
| Medication exposure, ever, No. (%) | |||||
| Antidepressant | 27 (38) | 10 (36) | 8 (40) | 9 (38) | .95 |
| Anxiolytic | 12 (17) | 7 (25) | 1 (5) | 4 (17) | .21 |
| Antipsychotic | 8 (11) | 2 (7) | 1 (5) | 5 (21) | .22 |
| Estrogensb | 13/42 (31) | 5/16 (31) | 2/10 (20) | 6/16 (37) | .69 |
| Neuroanatomic, mean (SD) | |||||
| Neuron density in CA3, neurons/mm3 | 2.25 × 106 (3.9 × 105) | 2.23 × 106 (3.9 × 105) | 2.17 × 106 (2.9 × 105) | 2.33 × 106 (4.7 × 105) | .42 |
| MAP2 dendrite index in CA3 | 0.96 (0.34) | 1.05 (0.37) | 0.92 (0.30) | 0.89 (0.32) | .20 |
| Synaptopodin spine index in CA3 | 51.8 (22.0) | 54.6 (24.4) | 47.1 (19.9) | 52.3 (21.0) | .50 |
| Neuropathological | |||||
| PHF-tau tangles in CA1, mean (SD), tangles/mm3 | 15.0 (18.6) | 5.8 (8.2) | 12.7 (17.2) | 27.8 (21.4) | <.001 |
| β-Amyloid plaques in CA1, mean (SD), % of area | 0.5 (1.0) | 0.3 (0.7) | 0.4 (1.3) | 0.8 (1.0) | .24 |
| Infarcts, any, No. (%) | 20 (28) | 5 (18) | 5 (25) | 10 (42) | .15 |
| Lewy bodies, any, No. (%) | 13 (18) | 4 (14) | 4 (20) | 5 (21) | .79 |
Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer disease; MAP2, microtubule-associated protein 2; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; PHF-tau, paired helical filament tau.
a
Based on 1-way analyses of variance for quantified variables and Pearson χ2 or Fisher exact test for categorical variables.
b
Data available for 42 cases.