Table 5.

Ontogenetic differences in hematocrit and RBC counts. Among species, non-phylogenetic and phylogenetic analyses suggest that hematocrit and RBC counts are generally higher in adult males than in male juvenile conspecifics. The same difference is not found in females.

Trait & Comparison	Test	MLEs(λ, σε2); log(L)	d̄	t	df(N − p)	P
Hematocrit fem. A – J	non-phylogenetic/non-error	log(L) = 83.15	0.008	1.449	44	0.1543
	phylogenetic/non-error	λ = 1.00; log(L) = 97.51	0.034	1.177	43	0.2455
	phylogenetic/error	λ = 1.37; σε2 = 3.76; log(L) = 109.53	0.012	1.373	42	0.1769
Hematocrit males A – J	non-phylogenetic/non-error	log(L) = 86.02	0.036	7.165	42	<0.0001
	phylogenetic/non-error	λ = 0.083 log(L) = 86.04	0.035	4.508	41	<0.0001
	phylogenetic/error	λ = 0.0; σε2 = 2.27; log(L) = 86.54	0.036	7.285	40	<0.0001
RBC fem. A – J	non-phylogenetic/non-error	log(L) = −25.21	−0.05	−0.78	42	0.4420
	phylogenetic/non-error	λ = 1.02; log(L) = −16.03	0.224	0.489	41	0.6278
	phylogenetic/error	λ = 1.07; σε2 = 1.01; log(L) = −7.63	0.162	0.487	40	0.6290
RBC male A – J	non-phylogenetic/non-error	log(L) = −37.20	0.259	2.830	41	0.0072
	phylogenetic/non-error	λ=0.0; log(L) = −37.20	0.259	2.795	40	0.0079
	phylogenetic/error	λ = 0.0; σε2 = 9.22; log(L) = −32.72	0.245	3.947	39	0.0003

Note: A = Adults, J = Juveniles