Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the overall sample and of the Caucasian and African American participants in the Health ABC study.
| Overall | Caucasians | African Americans | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 3075 | 1794 | 1281 | |
| Age, mean±standard error (SE), years | 73.6±0.1 | 73.7±0.1 | 73.3±0.1 | 0.0014 |
| Gender, % women | 1584 (52%) | 855 (48%) | 729 (57%) | <0.0001 |
| Body Mass Index, mean±SE, kg/m2 | 27.34±0.1 | 26.5±0.1 | 28.6±0.1 | <0.0001 |
| Education level, mean±SE, years | 13±0.1 | 14 ±0.1 | 12±0.1 | <0.0001 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure, mean±SE, mm Hg | 136±0.3 | 133±0.4 | 139±0.6 | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure, mean±SE, mm Hg | 71±0.2 | 70±0.2 | 74±0.3 | <0.0001 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 318 (10%) | 111 (6%) | 207 (16%) | <0.0001 |
| Alcohol, mean±SE drinks per day | 2.1±0.03 | 2.3±0.04 | 1.8±0.04 | <0.0001 |
| Energy expenditure, KCAL/KG/WEEK | 7.7±0.3 | 9.1±0.4 | 5.7±0.3 | <0.0001 |
| Laboratory | ||||
| LDL, mean±SE, mg/dl | 121.5±0.6 | 119.7±0.8 | 124.1±1.0 | 0.33 |
| HDL, mean±SE, mg/dl | 54.0±0.3 | 51.9±0.4 | 57.2±0.5 | 0.0006 |
| Cholesterol, mean±SE, mg/dl | 202.8±0.7 | 201.3±0.9 | 204.8±1.1 | 0.0123 |
| Morbidities, n (%): | ||||
| Hypertension | 1563 (51%) | 776 (44%) | 787 (62%) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 460 (15%) | 191 (11%) | 269 (21%) | <0.0001 |
| Coronary Artery Disease | 105 (3%) | 49 (3%) | 56 (4%) | 0.0136 |
| Congestive Heart Failure | 95 (3%) | 50 (3%) | 45 (4%) | 0.2451 |
| Stroke | 223 (7%) | 116 (7%) | 107 (8%) | 0.0419 |
| Arthritis | 1719 (57%) | 975 (55%) | 744 (59%) | 0.0299 |
| Neuropsychological test scores, mean±SE | ||||
| CLOX1 (year 3) | 10.6±0.05 | 10.9±0.06 | 10.1±0.09 | <0.0001 |
| 3MSE | 90.0±0.1 | 92.9±0.1 | 86±0.2 | <0.0001 |
| DSST | 35.2±0.3 | 40.8±0.3 | 27.2±0.4 | <0.0001 |
| CES-D | 4.7±0.1 | 4.7±0.1 | 4.8±0.2 | 0.66 |
| Medications, n (%) | ||||
| Receiving antihypertensives | 1673 (55%) | 880 (49%) | 793 (62%) | <0.0001 |
| Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors | 465 (15%) | 245 (14%) | 220 (17%) | 0.006 |
| Diuretics | 312 (10%) | 145 (8%) | 167 (13%) | <0.0001 |
| Beta Blockers | 410 (13%) | 272 (15%) | 138 (11%) | 0.0005 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 705 (23%) | 338 (19%) | 367 (29%) | <0.0001 |
| Angiotensin receptor blockers | 70 (2%) | 45 (3%) | 25 (2%) | 0.3176 |
| Hormonal Supplement | 349 (11%) | 264 (15%) | 85 (7%) | <0.0001 |
CLOX1: Executive clock draw test; DSST: Digit Symbol Substitution Test; 3MSE: Modified Mini Mental Status Examination; CESD: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale