Top—Classical Jablonski diagram for the free space condition and the modified form in the presence of metallic particles, islands or colloids. E—excitation, Em—metal enhanced excitation rate and Γm—radiative rate in the presence of metal. Bottom—Predicted distance dependencies for a metallic surface on the transitions of a fluorophore. The metallic surface can cause Förster like quenching with a rate, km, can concentrate the incident field, Em, and can increase the radiative decay rate, Γm.