Figure 7.—

The role of Atf1 in stress response and resistance to antifungal drugs. Each C. neoformans strain [the wild-type H99 and H99-Eunuch strains and ras1Δ (YSB53), cac1Δ (YSB42), hog1Δ (YSB64), atf1Δ (YSB676 and YSB678), and atf1ΔE (BE7-151) mutant strains] was grown overnight at 30° in liquid YPD medium, 10-fold serially diluted (1–10⁴ dilutions), and spotted (3 μl of dilution) on YPD agar containing the indicated concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), diamide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH), methylglyoxal, KCl, SDS, amphotericin B, fluconazole, flucytosine, and fludioxonil. Cells were incubated at 30° for 72 hr and photographed. For thermotolerance test, cells spotted on YPD medium were incubated at 40° for 4 days and photographed.