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. 2010 Aug;185(4):1489–1505. doi: 10.1534/genetics.110.118356

TABLE 4.

Predicted additive effects and their changed corresponding values due to directional epistasis on linear and cubic scales

Predicted additive effects
 Predicted additive effects + epistasis
 Total effect/additive effect
Trait LG/J – SM/J (mean ± SE) Absolute value Proportion of LG/J-SM/J (%) Absolute value Proportion of LG/J-SM/J (%)
Linear scale
Femur lt 2.820 ± 0.08 mm 2.277 mm 80.76 1.922 mm 68.15 0.84
Humerus lt 2.160 ± 0.02 mm 2.100 mm 97.24 2.189 mm 101.34 1.04
Tibia lt 2.230 ± 0.08 mm 3.096 mm 138.85 2.738 mm 122.80 0.88
Ulna lt 2.210 ± 0.04 mm 2.593 mm 117.33 2.598 mm 117.57 1.00
Tail lt 23.800 ± 0.66 mm 20.258 mm 85.12 20.622 mm 86.65 1.02
Inline graphic 0.548 ± 0.08 g⅓ 0.599 g⅓ 109.31 0.467 g⅓ 85.18 0.78
Inline graphic 0.021 ± 0.04 g⅓ 0.011 g⅓ 53.54 0.023 g⅓ 111.32 2.08
Inline graphic 0.035 ± 0.07 g⅓ 0.067 g⅓ 190.33 0.055 g⅓ 155.09 0.81
Inline graphic 0.056 ± 0.03 g⅓ 0.022 g⅓ 39.55 0.012 g⅓ 21.13 0.53
Inline graphic 0.226 ± 0.07 g⅓ 0.232 g⅓ 102.57 0.228 g⅓ 100.77 0.98
Cubic scale
(Femur lt)3 2223.11 ± 219.55 mm3 1686.970 mm3 75.88 1525.192 mm3 68.61 0.90
(Humerus lt)3 1044.39 ± 49.01 mm3 963.084 mm3 92.21 1032.592 mm3 98.87 1.07
(Tibia lt)3 2111.73 ± 257.11 mm3 2804.255 mm3 132.79 2725.599 mm3 129.07 0.97
(Ulna lt)3 1359.42 ± 64.12 mm3 1546.468 mm3 113.76 1597.118 mm3 117.49 1.03
(Tail lt)3 521422.47 ± 43815.27 mm3 523270.645 mm3 100.35 556992.890 mm3 106.82 1.06
Body wt 18.575 ± 3.08 g 18.995 g 102.26 15.970 g 85.97 0.84
Heart wt 0.020 ± 0.04 g 0.010 g 48.16 0.018 g 89.31 1.85
Kidney wt 0.049 ± 0.09 g 0.089 g 181.61 0.074 g 150.10 0.83
Spleen wt 0.042 ± 0.02 g 0.015 g 36.15 0.010 g 24.60 0.68
Liver wt 1.087 ± 0.42 g 1.126 g 103.55 1.141 g 104.92 1.01

The absolute phenotypic difference between the parental strains LG/J and the SM/J (column 1), the predicted absolute phenotypic effect of substitution of both alleles based on sum of estimated additive genetic effects (Inline graphic, column 2), and expressed as the percentage of the phenotypic difference between mean LG/J and SM/J (Inline graphic, column 3) . Column 4 is analogous to the column 2, predicting the phenotypic effect but including epistasis: Inline graphic, column 5 expresses the predicted phenotypic effect including epistasis as the percentage of phenotypic difference between the parental strains (Inline graphic). Column 6 shows the proportion between total (additive + epistatic) and the additive effect. Negative directionality is manifested as this ratio being <1. wt, weight; lt, length.