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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Aug 25.
Published in final edited form as: Physiol Rev. 2003 Oct;83(4):1401–1453. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00012.2003

FIG. 8.

FIG. 8

Reconstruction of spindle waves from hybrid thalamic circuits. Thalamic neurons were recorded intracellularly in ferret thalamic slices and were coupled to computational models in real time. A: intracellularly recorded thalamic reticular neuron (nRt/PGN) coupled to a model thalamic relay cell (TC). Synaptic interactions were mediated by AMPA receptors (from TC to nRt/PGN) and GABAA receptors (from nRt/PGN to TC) and were simulated using the dynamic-clamp technique. B: intracellularly recorded thalamic relay neuron (TC) coupled to a model thalamic reticular cell (nRt/PGN) using a similar coupling procedure. In both cases, oscillations in the spindle frequency range emerged from these circuits, although none of the cells was a spontaneous oscillator. The oscillations waxed and waned due to calcium-mediated upregulation of Ih in the TC cell. Models were single-compartment modifications from Ref. 105. [Modified from LeMasson et al. (193).]