TABLE 1.
| Sleep duration (TIB per study day) |
Baseline vs. sleep restriction condition (P) | Drug (P) | Interaction (P) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Modafinil |
Placebo |
||||||
| 5 h | 10 h | 5 h | 10 h | ||||
| Sleepiness: KSS (1–9 scale) | 4.65 ± 0.12 | 3.23 ± 0.13 | 5.31 ± 0.11 | 3.61 ± 0.16 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Performance: PVT lapses (lapses · test−1 · day−1) | 4.09 ± 0.45 | 2.48 ± 0.37 | 5.10 ± 0.73 | 0.92 ± 0.18 | <0.0001 | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Sleep duration: total sleep time (min) | 268.2 ± 3.5 | 502.2 ± 8.9 | 274.0 ± 1.4 | 467.4 ± 10.8 | <0.0001 | 0.04 | 0.001 |
| Slow-wave sleep (min) | 78.6 ± 3.4 | 75.2 ± 5.9 | 75.4 ± 3.2 | 65.2 ± 7.4 | 0.12 | 0.50 | 0.57 |
| FSIVGTT | |||||||
| SI [(mU/l)−1 · min−1] | 4.61 ± 0.55 | 5.70 ± 0.88 | 4.81 ± 0.78 | 6.74 ± 0.94 | 0.001 | 0.62 | 0.24 |
| Acute insulin response (mU · l−1 · min) | 549.2 ± 127.2 | 514.0 ± 106.3 | 532.3 ± 94.1 | 566.7 ± 112.8 | 0.30 | 0.77 | 0.81 |
| Disposition index | 2,034.2 ± 231.6 | 2,500.6 ± 391.9 | 2,079.5 ± 254.1 | 2,993.7 ± 431.6 | 0.02 | 0.46 | 0.52 |
| Glucose tolerance (%/min) | −1.984 ± 0.137 | −2.295 ± 0.160 | −2.120 ± 0.162 | −2.465 ± 0.261 | 0.02 | 0.43 | 0.62 |
| Glucose effectiveness (min−1) | 0.017 ± 0.002 | 0.020 ± 0.002 | 0.021 ± 0.002 | 0.023 ± 0.003 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.76 |
| Clamp: M (mg · kg−1 · min−1) | 6.15 ± 0.66 | 7.11 ± 0.86 | 6.95 ± 0.81 | 7.39 ± 0.79 | 0.05 | 0.55 | 0.69 |
| Salivary cortisol (ng/ml) | 0.179 ± 0.017 | 0.112 ± 0.013 | 0.180 ± 0.015 | 0.125 ± 0.010 | <0.0001 | 0.70 | 0.48 |
| Catecholamines | |||||||
| Norepinephrine (μg/day) | 48.0 ± 4.5 | 29.7 ± 4.3 | 32.5 ± 4.4 | 27.5 ± 4.7 | <0.0001 | 0.14 | 0.02 |
| Epinephrine (μg/day) | 13.5 ± 1.2 | 7.0 ± 0.8 | 9.0 ± 2.1 | 7.4 ± 1.1 | 0.001 | 0.29 | 0.03 |
| Resting metabolic rate (kcal) | 1,931.4 ± 77.4 | 1,928.6 ± 79.1 | 1,851.0 ± 86.4 | 1,853.0 ± 116.6 | 0.99 | 0.56 | 0.96 |
Data are means ± SE unless otherwise indicated.