Stress induces pCREB expression in immature (postnatal day [P]18) rat hippocampus. (a) In the stress-free control, pCREB expression is not detected in CA3, though it is readily visible in the inner GCL, occupied by immature granule cells, within the dentate gyrus (DG). These immature granule cells (arrows in (e), also in (f), blue) do not express the CRH receptor CRF1 (brown). (b–d, h) The time course of pCREB expression induced by 30 min ‘psychological stress’. pCREB expression is detected strongly within CA3 pyramidal cell layer, where it peaks at 15 min after the termination of stress (45 min from its onset; (c)). pCREB is generally confined to CRF1-bearing cells (arrowheads in (f, g)). Scale bars = 720 μm (a–d, h) and 60 μm (e–g).