TABLE 2.
Applied mass (μg), total mass wash-off (μg), 10 liter mass wash-off (μg), and EMC (μg/L) for rainfall simulations utilizing formulated product sand neat-grade pyrethroids and surfactant. Mean result of two simultaneous replicates and (standard deviation)
| Formulated Product Experiment (Intensity/Set Time) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25/1.5h |
25/24h |
25/7d |
25/7d 2nd |
25/21d 3rd |
25/49d 4th |
50/1.5h |
50/24h |
|
| β Cyfluthrin SC | ||||||||
| Applied Mass | 15,300 (247) | 14,600 (233) | 12,200 (27.2) | a | a | a | 13,900 (166) | 15,300 (552) |
| Total Mass Washoff | 8,290 (5,340) | 2,650 (776) | 998 (8.64) | 151 (66.3) | 41.6 (11.3) | 15.1 (0.106) | 4,830 (139) | 4,150 (134) |
| Mass Washoff at 10 L | 8,200 (5,340) | 2,590 (758) | 977 (8.77) | 140 (64.9) | 35.9 (10.8) | 12.5 (0.144) | 4,660 (149) | 3,970 (137) |
| EMC | 587 (387) | 180 (51.6) | 71.3 (1.1) | 10.4 (4.71) | 2.95 (0.811) | 1.07 (0.00210) | 174 (5.45) | 143 (1.56) |
| Esfenvalerate EC | ||||||||
| Applied Mass | 1,750 (60.7) | 1,860 (88.7) | 2,010 (51.3) | a | a | a | 1,790 (84.0) | 1,920 (4.67) |
| Total Mass Washoff | 25.5 (9.95) | 22.6 (0.109) | 15.1 (1.84) | 17.9 (8.2) | 8.04 (2.79) | 1.44 (0.0677) | 26.4 (0.483) | 41.4 (1.61) |
| Mass Washoff at 10 L | 22.3 (8.83) | 18.0 (0.359) | 13.4 (1.33) | 14.8 (7.11) | 6.89 (2.59) | 1.16 (0.111) | 16.2 (1.22) | 22.6 (1.46) |
| EMC | 1.87 (0.741) | 1.57 (0.0321) | 1.10 (0.0695) | 1.22 (0.561) | 0.578 (0.202) | 0.101 (0.00435) | 0.955 (0.0121) | 1.44 (0.0632) |
| λ Cyhalothrin EC | ||||||||
| Applied Mass | 1,090 (6.67) | 1,470 (1.63) | 1,170 (18.7) | b | b | b | 1,060 (26.4) | 1,410 (13.3) |
| Total Mass Washoff | 46.1 (4.13) | 35.7 (3.12) | 2.83 (0.0908) | 50.7 (7.56) | 26.2 (3.23) | |||
| Mass Washoff at 10 L | 40.5 (4.42) | 28.5 (2.37) | 2.47 (0.119) | 31.4 (5.36) | 16.6 (1.99) | |||
| EMC | 3.45 (0.388) | 2.47 (0.218) | 0.214 (0.0130) | 1.75 (0.243) | 0.897 (0.104) | |||
| 2007 Bifenthrin CE | ||||||||
| Applied Mass | 30,000 (247) | 31,300 (742) | b | b | b | b | 31,200 (1,630) c | b |
| Total Mass Washoff | 1,510 (484) | 456 (147) | 646 (531) c | |||||
| Mass Washoff at 10 L | 1,500 (484) | 438 (151) | 607 (530) c | |||||
| EMC | 111 (41.9) | 33.1 (11.6) | 22.7 (29.3) c | |||||
| 2009 Bifenthrin CE | ||||||||
| Applied Mass | 32,600 (813) | b | b | b | b | b | 32,000 (389) | b |
| Total Mass Washoff | 490 (353) | 702 (139) | ||||||
| Mass Washoff at 10 L | 465 (347) | 642 (131) | ||||||
| EMC | 33.4 (24.3) | 24.0 (4.93) | ||||||
| Neat-Grade Experiments (Intensity/Set Time) | ||||||||
| 25/1.5h | 25/1.5h | 25/1.5h | ||||||
| Bifenthrin & LAS Neat Grade | Bifenthrin Neat Grade | Esfenvalerate Neat Grade | ||||||
| Applied Mass | 30,000 (0.0) | 29,200 (0.0) | 1,890 (0.0) | |||||
| Total Mass Washoff | 257 (15.1) | 73.1 (19.2) | 65.5 (1.28) | |||||
| Mass Washoff at 10 L | 243 (10.1) | 61.4 (18.1) | 53.5 (0.0784) | |||||
| EMC | 19.2 (0.598) | 4.98 (1.22) | 4.46 (0.00320) | |||||
a
initial application was that of corresponding 25/1.5h experiment
b
experiment not conducted
c
result of 4 replicates