Table 3.

Risk factors for being at risk of being affected (SSQ score ≥ 8) and at risk of being severely affected (SSQ score ≥ 11) (n = 1392 completing all 14 items)

Factor	N	At risk of being affected (SSQ score = 8–14)				At risk of being severely affected (SSQ score = 11–14)
		n	%	Crude† OR [95%CI]	Adjustedb OR [95%CI]	n	%	Crude† OR [95%CI]	Adjustedb OR [95%CI]
Age:				(P = 0.146)	(P = 0.217)			(P = 0.002)*	(P = 0.089)
Less than 18 years	367	172	46.9	1.0	1.0	61	16.6	1.0	1.0
18 years old	515	282	54.8	1.4 [1.0–1.8]	1.3 [0.9–1.8]	136	26.4	1.8 [1.3–2.5]	1.6 [1.1–2.3]
19 years old	350	182	52.0	1.2 [0.9–1.6]	1.0 [0.7–1.4]	94	26.9	1.8 [1.3–2.6]	1.4 [1.0–2.2]
20 years or older	160	160	51.9	1.2 [0.8–1.8]	0.8 [0.5–1.4]	40	25.0	1.7 [1.1–2.6]	1.1 [0.6–2.0]
Gender:				(P = 0.803)	(P = 0.270)			(P = 0.496)	(P = 0.368)
Male	768	399	52	1.0	1.0	188	24.5	1.0	1.0
Female	624	320	51.3	1.0 [0.8–1.2]	0.9 [0.6–1.1]	143	22.9	0.9 [0.7–1.2]	0.9 [0.6–1.2]
Secondary education:a				(P = 0.065)	(P = 0.414)			(P = 0.617)	(P = 0.834)
Years 2–3	183	106	57.9	1.0	1.0	46	25.1	1.0	1.0
Completed year 4 or higher	1203	609	50.6	0.7 [0.5–1.0]	0.8 [0.6–1.3]	282	23.4	0.9 [0.6–1.3]	1.0 [0.7–1.7]
Marital status:				(P = 0.141)	(P = 0.900)			(P = 0.176)	(P = 0.904)
Never married	1322	681	51.5	1.0	1.0	311	23.5	1.0	1.0
Currently/have been married	57	35	61.4	1.5 [0.9–2.6]	1.0 [0.4–2.1]	18	31.6	1.5 [0.8–2.7]	0.9 [0.4–2.2]
District:				(P < 0.001)*	(P = 0.018)*			(P = 0.075)	(P = 0.672)
Mashonaland East—Chikomba	216	112	51.9	1.0	1.0	57	26.4	1.0	1.0
Manicaland—Buhera	282	178	63.1	1.6 [1.1–2.3]	1.6 [1.0–2.4]	82	29.1	1.1 [0.8–1.7]	1.2 [0.7–1.9]
Manicaland—Makoni	148	83	56.1	1.2 [0.8–1.8]	1.5 [0.9–2.4]	37	25.0	0.9 [0.6–1.5]	1.0 [0.6–1.7]
Masvingo—Gutu	117	59	50.4	0.9 [0.6–1.5]	1.3 [0.7–2.2]	25	21.4	0.8 [0.4–1.3]	1.0 [0.5–1.9]
Masvingo—Zaka	458	201	43.9	0.7 [0.5–1.0]	0.8 [0.6–1.3]	90	19.7	0.7 [0.5–1.0]	0.8 [0.5–1.3]
Masvingo—Masvingo rural	171	86	50.3	0.9 [0.6–1.4]	1.2 [0.7–1.9]	40	23.4	0.9 [0.5–1.4]	1.1 [0.6–1.9]
Household, mobility and SES:
Orphanhood:				(P = 0.056)	(P = 0.522)			(P = 0.288)	(P = 0.371)
Both parents alive	803	398	49.6	1.0	1.0	181	22.5	1.0	1.0
One or both parents dead	547	300	54.8	1.2 [1.0–1.5]	1.1 [0.8–1.5]	137	25.1	1.1 [0.9–1.5]	0.8 [0.6–1.2]
Female headed household:				(P = 0.038)*	(P = 0.074)			(P = 0.045)*	(P = 0.048)*
No	874	433	49.5	1.0	1.0	191	21.9	1.0	1.0
Yes	463	257	55.5	1.3 [1.0–1.6]	1.3 [1.0–1.7]	124	26.8	1.3 [1.0–1.7]	1.4 [1.0–1.8]
Moved in last 5 years:				(P < 0.001)*	(P = 0.034)*			(P = 0.002)*	(P = 0.031)*
No	1060	515	48.6	1.0	1.0	230	21.7	1.0	1.0
Yes	320	195	60.9	1.7 [1.3–2.1]	1.4 [1.0–1.9]	97	30.3	1.6 [1.2–2.1]	1.4 [1.0–2.0]
Adult skipped a meal in last week:				(P < 0.001)*	(P < 0.001)*			(P < 0.001)*	(P = 0.055)
No	1103	523	47.4	1.0	1.0	229	20.8	1.0	1.0
Yes	275	192	69.8	2.6 [1.9–3.4]	1.9 [1.4–2.7]	100	36.4	2.2 [1.6–2.9]	1.4 [1.0–2.0]
Ability to afford soap:				(P < 0.001)*	(P = 0.115)			(P < 0.001)*	(P = 0.727)
Can afford soap	1131	548	48.5	1.0	1.0	250	22.1	1.0	1.0
Cannot afford soap	261	171	65.5	2.0 [1.5–2.7]	1.3 [0.9–1.9]	81	31	1.6 [1.2–2.1]	0.9 [0.6–1.4]

^†Chi–square P-value presented from univariate analysis

^aAs cohort members all participants had completed at least Year 2 of secondary school

^bOR adjusted for a priori confounders (age, gender, marital status, education, district) and all factors independently associated with being at risk or severely at risk for common affected disorder (Likelihood ratton test P-value < 0.1) (i.e. Female headed house, moved house, skipped a meal, referred to in negative way, shunned by others, given more work, not given clothes)

^*P < 0.05