Table 4.

Association between stigma and being at risk (SSQ score ≥ 8) or severely at risk (SSQ score ≥ 11) of being affected (n = 1392 completing all 14 items)

	N	At risk of being affected (SSQ score = 8–14)				At risk of being severely affected (SSQ score = 11–14)
		n	%	Crude† OR [95%CI]	Adjusteda OR [95%CI]	n	%	Crude† OR [95%CI]	Adjusteda OR [95%CI]
Sigma
Referred to in negative way:				(P < 0.001)*	(P < 0.001)*			(P <0.001)*	(P < 0.001)*
Never	641	199	31.1	1.0	1.0	59	9.2	1.0	1.0
Sometimes/always	747	519	69.5	5.0 [4.0–6.4]	3.5 [2.7–4.5]	271	36.3	5.6 [4.1–7.6]	3.6 [2.6–5.0]
Shunned by others:				(P < 0.001)*	(P < 0.001)*			(P <0.001)*	(P < 0.001)*
Never	1108	484	43.7	1.0	1.0	196	17.7	1.0	1.0
Sometimes/always	276	230	83.3	6.4 [4.6–9.0]	3.7 [2.5–5.4]	133	48.2	4.3 [3.2–5.7]	2.3 [1.7–3.2]
Given more work than others in house:				(P < 0.001)*	(P = 0.028)*			(P <0.001)*	(P = 0.003)*
Never	1010	451	44.7	1.0	1.0	174	17.2	1.0	1.0
Sometimes/always	375	264	70.4	2.9 [2.3–3.8]	1.4 [1.0–1.9]	155	41.3	3.4 [2.6–4.4]	1.6 [1.2–2.2]
Not given clothes like others in house:				(P < 0.001)*	(P < 0.001)*			(P <0.001)*	(P < 0.001)*
Never	865	358	41.4	1.0	1.0	129	14.9	1.0	1.0
Sometimes/always	521	359	68.9	3.1 [2.3–3.8]	2.0 [1.6–2.7]	200	38.4	3.6 [2.7–4.6]	2.2 [1.6–3.1]
Given less food than others in house:				(P < 0.001)*	(P = 0.299)			(P <0.001)*	(P = 0.308)
Never	1222	589	48.2	1.0	1.0	250	20.5	1.0	1.0
Sometimes/always	159	122	76.7	3.5 [2.4–5.2]	1.3 [0.8–2.1]	76	47.8	3.6 [2.5–5.0]	1.2 [0.8–1.9]

^†Chi-square P-value presented from univariate analysis

^aOR adjusted for a priori confounders (age, gender, marital status, education, district) and all factors independently associated with being at risk or severely at risk for common affected disorder (Likelihood ratton test P-value < 0.1) (i.e. Female headed house, moved house, skipped a meal, referred to in negative way, shunned by others, given more work, not given clothes)

^*P < 0.05