Table 2.
Prevalence of Mutations Associated with Resistance in the Different Subtypes Harbored in Bulgarian Patients Treated at the Moment of GRTa,b
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Subtype |
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| Wild-type codon (consensus B) NRTI mutations | Mutation | Samples from experienced patients n (%/57) | A (n = 10) | AE (n = 5) | AG (n = 1) | B (n = 28) | C (n = 5) | DF (n = 2) | F (n = 2) | G (n = 2) | H (n = 2) |
| M41 | L | 8 (14.0) | — | — | — | 7 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| E44 | A | 1 (1.7) | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| D | 3 (5.3) | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | |
| D67 | G | 2 (3.5) | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| N | 12 (21.0) | 1 | 2 | — | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | |
| T69 | D | 1 (1.7) | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| K70 | E | 1 (1.7) | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| R | 9 (15.8) | 1 | 2 | — | 3 | 2 | 1c | — | — | — | |
| L74 | V | 3 (5.3) | 1 | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| V75 | M | 6 (10.5) | 4 | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| V118 | I | 5 (8.8) | — | — | — | 3 | — | — | 2 | — | — |
| Q151 | M | 1 (1.7) | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| M184 | Vd | 24 (42.1) | 4 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| L210 | W | 7 (12.3) | 1 | — | — | 6 | — | — | — | — | — |
| T215 | F | 6 (10.5) | 1 | 1 | — | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — |
| I | 3 (5.3) | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | |
| Y | 8 (14.0) | 1 | — | — | 6 | — | — | — | 1 | — | |
| S | 1 (1.7) | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | |
| K219 | E | 3 (5.3) | — | 1 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Q | 7 (12.3) | — | 1 | — | 3 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | |
| N | 3 (5.3) | — | — | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| NNRTI mutations | n (%/14) | A (n = 4) | AE (n = 1) | AG (n = 0) | B (n = 5) | C (n = 1) | DF (n = 2) | F (n = 1) | G (n = 1) | H (n = 0) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A98 | G | 1 (7.1) | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| K103 | N | 2 (14.3) | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| V106 | M | 1 (7.1) | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| V179 | D | 1 (7.1) | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| G190 | A | 1 (7.1) | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Q | 2 (14.3) | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| S | 1 (7.1) | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | |
| P225 | H | 1 (7.1) | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| PI mutationse | n (%/46) | A (n = 7) | AE (n = 4) | AG (n = 1) | B (n = 23) | C (n = 5) | DF (n = 2) | F (n = 0) | G (n = 1) | H (n = 2) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L24 | I | 1 (2.2) | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| D30 | N | 2 (4.3) | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| L33 | F | 1 (2.2) | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| M46 | I | 4 (8.7) | — | — | — | 3 | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| L | 1 (2.2) | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| G48 | V | 2 (4.3) | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| I50 | V | 1 (2.2) | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| V82 | A | 2 (4.3) | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| F | 2 (4.3) | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | |
| T | 1 (2.2) | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| I84 | V | 6 (13.0) | — | — | — | 5 | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| L90 | M | 13 (28.3) | — | — | — | 10 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 |
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Subtype |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wild-type codon (consensus B) Other PI mutationsf | Mutation | Overall n (%/46) | A (n = 7) | AE (n = 4) | AG (n = 1) | B (n = 23) | C (n = 5) | DF (n = 2) | F (n = 0) | G (n = 1) | H (n = 2) |
| I13 | V | 20 (43.5) | 7 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | 2 |
| G16 | E | 7 (15.5) | 1 | 2 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | 2 |
| K20 | I | 2 (4.3) | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| M | 1 (2.2) | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R | 3 (6.5) | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 | |
| T | 2 (4.3) | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | |
| L33 | V | 4 (8.7) | — | — | —4 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| M36 | I | 21 (45.6) | 6 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 4 | — | — | 1 | 2 |
| L | 3 (6.5) | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | |
| F53 | L | 1 (2.2) | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Y | 1 (2.2) | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | |
| Q58 | E | 3 (6.5) | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| D60 | E | 6 (13.0) | — | — | — | 2 | 3 | — | — | — | 1 |
| I62 | V | 18 (39.1) | 2 | — | — | 14 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
| L63 | P | 22 (47.8) | 1 | — | — | 16 | 3 | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| I64 | L | 2 (4.3) | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| M | 1 (2.2) | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | |
| V | 4 (8.7) | — | — | — | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| H69 | K | 23 (50.0) | 6 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 5 | — | — | 1 | 2 |
| A71 | I | 1 (2.2) | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| T | 2 (4.3) | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| V | 5 (10.9) | — | — | — | 4 | — | 1 | — | — | — | |
| T74 | A | 3 (6.5) | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — |
| P | 1 (2.2) | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| S | 4 (8.7) | 2 | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| V77 | I | 5 (10.9) | — | — | — | 4 | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| V82 | I | 4 (8.7) | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — |
| N83 | D | 1 (2.2) | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| L89 | V | 2 (4.3) | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| I93 | L | 10 (21.7) | — | 1 | — | 5 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| M | 3 (6.5) | 1 | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | |
The analysis was focused on the mutations associated with ARV resistance8 (HIV Drug Resistance Database: http://hivdb.stanford.edu) and was performed on 58 sequences of the protease gene and 57 of the reverse transcriptase gene.
NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NNRTI, non-NRTI; PI, protease inhibitor.
The amino acid R present at position 70 represents the wild-type codon in the DF subtype.
The prevalence of M184V resulted in a significant (by Fisher exact test) difference between the HIV-1 A or B subtype compared to the C subtype (21% vs. 80%, p = 0.025 and 24% vs. 80%, p = 0.028, respectively).
Mutations in the protease gene that confer high, intermediate, or low resistance to PIs.
Mutations in the protease gene that only contribute to PI resistance.