Time-dependent kinetics of GDF-5 on ADMSCs for gene expression of (a) Col I, (b) Col III, (c) aggrecan, and (d) decorin. Expression of Col I was increased at day 12, while Col III increased at days 3 and 9. Expression of aggrecan significantly increased at days 6, 9, and 12. In contrast, expression of decorin decreased at day 9 (#p < 0.01 and *p < 0.05).