Table 1. Organizational Characteristics in Michigan Intensive Care Units.
| Closed ICUs (N = 24) |
Open ICUs (N = 72) |
Intensivist Decision Making (N = 30) |
Shared Decision Making (N = 31) |
Non-Intensivist Decision Making (N = 34) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICU beds (mean±SD) | 21.8±15.3* | 15.2±13.0* | 21.3±18.7* | 19.2±13.4 | 10.5±5.2* |
| Hospital beds (mean±SD) | 489.8±295.3* | 326.3±222.6* | 460.8±222.3* | 408.6±259.7 | 247.8±230.0* |
| Non-Intensivist Attendings | |||||
| Hospitalist | - | 34 (47.2%) | 9 (30%) | 14 (45.1%) | 13 (38.2%) |
| Primary Care Physician | - | 55 (76.4%) | 11 (36.7%) | 23 (74.2%) | 27 (79.4%) |
| Cardiologist | - | 54 (75%) | 10 (33.3%) | 25 (80.6%) | 23 (67.6%) |
| Pulmonologist | - | 34 (47.2%) | 9 (30%) | 15 (48.3%) | 15 (44.1%) |
| Other IM Specialist | - | 48 (66.7%) | 11 (36.7%) | 25 (80.6%) | 17 (50%) |
| Surgeon | - | 59 (81.9%) | 14 (46.7%) | 25 (80.6%) | 27 (79.4%) |
| Critical Care Board Certification | |||||
| N=28 | N=31 | N=33 | |||
| 100% of attending physicians | 11 (45.8%) | 7 (10.1%) | 11 (39.3%) | 6 (19.4%) | 0 (0%) |
| 75% | 3 (12.5%) | 6 (8.7%) | 7 (25.0%) | 2 (6.5%) | 0 (0%) |
| 50% | 2 (8.3%) | 4 (5.8%) | 3 (10.7%) | 2 (6.5%) | 1 (3.0%) |
| <50% | 8 (33.3%) | 52 (75.4%) | 7 (25.0%) | 21 (67.7%) | 32 (97.0%) |
| ICU Administration | |||||
| ICU Director Financial Support | 18 (75.0%) | 49 (68.1%) | 25 (83.3%) | 23 (74.2%) | 18 (52.9%) |
| Meeting with ICU Team | 21 (87.5%) | 56 (77.8%) | 26 (86.7%) | 27 (87.1%) | 23 (67.7%) |
| M&M Sessions | 9 (37.5%) | 33 (45.8%) | 16 (53.3%) | 12 (38.7%) | 14 (41.2%) |
Abbreviations: SD = standard deviation; M&M = morbidity and mortality;
*
p < 0.05 by paired t-tests: Closed ICU vs. Open ICU, Intensivist Decision Making vs. Non-Intensivist Decision Making. Some responses were left blank yielding a total < 96.