Figure 1.

Knockdown of VAMP8 and Vti1b inhibits colocalization of xenophagosomes with lysosomes. HeLa cells expressing GFP-LC3 were transfected with control siRN A, and VAMP8 and Vti1b siRN As. Following infection with GAS, the cells were fixed and incubated with anti-LAMP1 antibodies and observed with a confocal microscope. Cellular and bacterial DN A were stained with DAPI. LAMP1 failed to colocalize with GFP-LC3 in the SNARE -depleted cells. Boxed regions in the upper panels show magnifications of the lower panels. Bars indicate 5 µm.