Table 1.
Physical and metabolic characteristics of participants categorized according to fasting glucose levels
| FPG |
ANOVA P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤90 mg/dl | >90–<100 mg/dl | ≥100–<126 mg/dl | ||
| n | 40 | 136 | 47 | |
| Age (years) | 12.8 ± 0.4 | 12.9 ± 0.2 | 13.2 ± 0.3 | 0.69 |
| Sex* | 0.18* | |||
| Male | 11 (27.5) | 53 (39) | 22 (47) | |
| Female | 29 (72.5) | 83 (61) | 25 (53) | |
| Race* | 0.98* | |||
| African American | 16 (40) | 60 (44) | 22 (47) | |
| Caucasian | 23 (57.5) | 73 (54) | 24 (51) | |
| Biracial | 1 (2.5) | 3 (2.2) | 1 (2) | |
| Tanner stage* | 0.052* | |||
| I | 14 (35) | 25 (18.4) | 4 (8.5) | |
| II | 3 (7.5) | 19 (14) | 4 (8.5) | |
| III | 6 (15) | 28 (20.6) | 10 (21) | |
| IV | 4 (10) | 19 (14) | 13 (28) | |
| V | 13 (32.5) | 45 (33) | 16 (34) | |
| Weight (kg) | 68.2 ± 5.7 | 73.0 ± 2.7 | 82.9 ± 3.9 | 0.08 |
| Height (cm) | 154.2 ± 2.2 | 156.4 ± 1.1 | 160.5 ± 1.6 | 0.07 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.1 ± 1.7 | 28.6 ± 0.8 | 31.6 ± 1.2 | 0.07 |
| BMI % | 76.2 ± 4.4 | 82.2 ± 2.1 | 92.5 ± 2.3 | 0.005 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 24.1 ± 3.2 | 26.1 ± 1.6 | 32.2 ± 2.4 | 0.07 |
| % body fat | 33.6 ± 2.5 | 34.0 ± 1.2 | 38.0 ± 1.8 | 0.21 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 85.9 ± 5.0 | 86.1 ± 2.4 | 94.7 ± 3.2 | 0.14 |
| Waist circumference percentile | 0.16* | |||
| <75th | 12 (40) | 34 (37.8) | 7 (20) | |
| 75th–90th | 6 (20) | 12 (13.3) | 4 (11.4) | |
| >90th | 12 (40) | 44 (48.9) | 24 (68.6) | |
| SAT (cm2) | 311.7 ± 44.3 | 337.1 ± 22.3 | 398.0 ± 32.8 | 0.25 |
| VAT (cm2) | 49.8 ± 6.7 | 48.5 ± 3.6 | 56.9 ± 5.1 | 0.47 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 87.6 ± 0.3 | 94.9 ± 0.2 | 105.0 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
| Insulin (μU/ml) | 28.1 ± 4.2 | 30.5 ± 1.7 | 40.2 ± 3.6 | 0.02 |
| A1C (%) | 5.3 ± 0.08 | 5.3 ± 0.04 | 5.4 ± 0.07 | 0.56 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 160.8 ± 5.7 | 164.8 ± 2.4 | 165.3 ± 5.2 | 0.75 |
| LDL (mg/dl) | 90.1 ± 5.7 | 98.6 ± 2.1 | 100.4 ± 5.2 | 0.2 |
| HDL (mg/dl) | 47.0 ± 1.7 | 45.8 ± 0.9 | 42.4 ± 1.8 | 0.11 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 116.9 ± 11.5 | 102.4 ± 4.6 | 114.8 ± 10.8 | 0.29 |
| VLDL (mg/dl) | 23.4 ± 2.3 | 20.3 ± 0.9 | 21.6 ± 1.8 | 0.3 |
Data are unadjusted means ± SEM or n (%). Ten subjects with FPG ≤90 mg/dl, 46 subjects with FPG >90–<100 mg/dl, and 12 subjects with FPG >100–<126 mg/dl did not have waist circumference data because this measurement was implemented late in the course of the grant project.
*χ2 analysis.