Table 1.
Characteristics of the study sample
| n (type 1 diabetes/type 2 diabetes) | Type 1 diabetes | Type 2 diabetes | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 109/64 | 30.2 ± 5.6 | 35.0 ± 5.3 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2)* | 101/54 | 24.8 ± 3.8 | 32.0 ± 7.4 | <0.001 |
| A1C (%)* | 107/64 | 7.2 ± 1.4 | 6.8 ± 1.3 | 0.046 |
| Preeclampsia | 109/63 | 18 ± 16.5 | 7 ± 10.9 | 0.314 |
| Birth weight (g) | 109/64 | 3,276 ± 706 | 3,308 ± 826 | 0.789 |
| Birth length (cm) | 107/64 | 49.7 ± 3.8 | 50.4 ± 3.9 | 0.246 |
| Ponderal index (kg/m3) | 107/64 | 26.9 ± 9.2 | 25.3 ± 2.7 | 0.187 |
| Small for gestational age | 109/64 | 8 ± 7.3 | 7 ± 10.9 | 0.417 |
| LGA | 109/64 | 21 ± 19.3 | 17 ± 26.6 | 0.263 |
| LDL cholesterol V0 (mg/dl) | 61/17 | 111.1 ± 31.3 | 125.7 ± 40.7 | 0.117 |
| LDL cholesterol V1 (mg/dl) | 77/34 | 96.1 ± 28.2 | 97.4 ± 22.1 | 0.809 |
| LDL cholesterol V2 (mg/dl) | 84/26 | 119.3 ± 33.8 | 96.8 ± 29.3 | 0.003 |
| LDL cholesterol V3 (mg/dl) | 81/24 | 146.0 ± 42.3 | 110.7 ± 38.4 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol V4 (mg/dl) | 65/19 | 114.3 ± 30.5 | 113.8 ± 27.5 | 0.949 |
| NHDL-C V0 (mg/dl) | 64/16 | 129.5 ± 34.8 | 150.9 ± 37.2 | 0.032 |
| NHDL-C V1 (mg/dl) | 77/34 | 112.5 ± 29.7 | 126.6 ± 26.5 | 0.019 |
| NHDL-C V2 (mg/dl) | 84/26 | 148.6 ± 37.4 | 144.9 ± 32.1 | 0.651 |
| NHDL-C V3 (mg/dl) | 81/23 | 193.4 ± 44.5 | 169.0 ± 36.6 | 0.018 |
| NHDL-C V4 (mg/dl) | 64/19 | 135.2 ± 37.7 | 141.3 ± 28.5 | 0.517 |
| Total cholesterol V0 (mg/dl) | 67/21 | 195.5 ± 36.8 | 202.3 ± 39.6 | 0.470 |
| Total cholesterol V1 (mg/dl) | 77/38 | 181.0 ± 34.0 | 176.2 ± 28.6 | 0.459 |
| Total cholesterol V2 (mg/dl) | 84/29 | 229.7 ± 43.1 | 200.0 ± 39.2 | 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol V3 (mg/dl) | 100/53 | 274.8 ± 50.3 | 220.5 ± 44.5 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol V4 (mg/dl) | 71/28 | 204.7 ± 39.2 | 200.9 ± 34.1 | 0.654 |
| HDL cholesterol V0 (mg/dl) | 64/16 | 65.2 ± 16.1 | 54.5 ± 18.7 | 0.024 |
| HDL cholesterol V1 (mg/dl) | 77/34 | 68.2 ± 17.2 | 49.2 ± 12.6 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol V2 (mg/dl) | 84/26 | 80.6 ± 16.3 | 56.3 ± 13.8 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol V3 (mg/dl) | 81/23 | 74.8 ± 16.3 | 62.9 ± 10.0 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol V4 (mg/dl) | 64/19 | 68.0 ± 17.9 | 50.3 ± 14.6 | <0.001 |
| Log triglycerides V0 (mg/dl) | 67/21 | 4.32 ± 0.47 | 4.99 ± 0.58 | <0.001 |
| Log triglycerides V1 (mg/dl) | 77/38 | 4.36 ± 0.39 | 4.97 ± 0.34 | <0.001 |
| Log triglycerides V2 (mg/dl) | 84/28 | 4.96 ± 0.34 | 5.43 ± 0.40 | <0.001 |
| Log triglycerides V3 (mg/dl) | 98/53 | 5.51 ± 0.30 | 5.55 ± 0.39 | 0.466 |
| Log triglycerides V4 (mg/dl) | 71/28 | 4.62 ± 0.62 | 5.02 ± 0.55 | 0.003 |
Data are means ± SD, unless otherwise indicated. V0, prior to conception; V1–V3, first to third trimester; V4, after delivery.
*P values are based on log-transformed data.