Fig. 11.

Acetylcholine dose response in bioengineered and postimplant constructs. Serial doses starting from 1 nM were injected into the tissue bath containing the construct. It took up to 44 s for the injected compound to diffuse uniformly into the tissue bath. The rings responded to each dose, in a cumulative manner eliciting stronger rapid-rising contractions with increasing dose. Both constructs responded in a similar dose-dependent manner and sustained contractions over 30 min, with no visible signs of muscle fatigue. Dose-response experiments were carried out individually in 7 different animal experiments.