Fig. 1.

Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) deficiency fully protects from early endotoxin-induced ileus, whereas inhibition of the toll-IL-1-resistance (TIR) domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β (TRIF) pathway only partially ameliorates severity of early onset ileus during endotoxemia. Six hours after intraperitoneal sham or UP-LPS treatment, the gastrointestinal distribution of an orally fed nonabsorbable dye was assessed with a transit time period of 75 min. A: individual segmental marker distribution in sham-treated animals. B: individual segmental marker distribution in LPS-treated mice. C: calculated geometric center was used for statistical analysis by ANOVA with Tukey post hoc group comparisons. Results are means ± SE; n = 5–8. *P < 0.05 for MyD88^+/+ and TRIF^+/+ LPS-treated mice compared with MyD88^−/− LPS mice and all sham-treated mice. ‡P < 0.05 for TRIF^−/− LPS-treated mice compared with sham-treated TRIF mice.