Fig. 3.

Hourly (A and C) and cumulative (B and D) lymphatic glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) output following either a duodenal carbohydrate, whey protein, or saline bolus (0.275, 0.55, 1.1, 2.2, 4.4 kcal for each nutrient). Hourly output was determined by multiplying together the lymph flow rate by the hourly GLP-1 concentration. Cumulative secretion was calculated by summing together the hourly GLP-1 output values during the 3-h collection period. Values are means + SE. *P < 0.05 vs. saline at time of peak secretion (A). *P < 0.05 vs. saline, #P < 0.05 vs. carbohydrate 0.275 kcal, and ^P < 0.05 vs. carbohydrate 0.55 kcal (B).