Table 2.

Respiratory variables in the 4 experimental conditions

	Baseline	Inc GG	Inc EELV	Inc GG + Inc EELV
FB, breaths/min	14.3 ± 0.9	14.9 ± 1.1	14.5 ± 0.9	14.8 ± 1.1
VT, liter	0.56 ± 0.02	0.89 ± 0.07*	0.52 ± 0.03#	0.81 ± 0.08*
VI, l/min	7.8 ± 0.3	12.7 ± 0.7*	7.2 ± 0.3#	11.5 ± 0.9*
PIF, l/s	0.48 ± 0.03	0.72 ± 0.05*	0.49 ± 0.02#	0.71 ± 0.05*
PETCO2, mmHg	41.1 ± 1.2	44.5 ± 1.5*	40.8 ± 1.3#	44.2 ± 1.3*
PEPI, cmH2O	−3.1 ± 0.6	−3.4 ± 0.5#	−2.2 ± 0.5	−1.9 ± 0.3
GG peak, %pretrial baseline	96.9 ± 8.4	150.8 ± 6.4*	101.4 ± 10.1	156.3 ± 14.2*
EELV, ml change from pretrial baseline	−33 ± 89	38 ± 34	589 ± 38*	645 ± 59*

F_B, breathing frequency; V_T, tidal volume; V_I, inspired minute ventilation; PIF, peak inspiratory flow rate; PETCO₂, end-tidal CO₂ levels; P_EPI, epiglottic pressure; GG Peak, peak inspiratory genioglossus EMG activity; EELV, end-expiratory lung volume in the 4 experimental conditions: baseline (BL), 50% increased genioglossus activity (Inc GG), 500 ml increased end-expiratory lung volume (Inc EELV), and with both 500 ml increased end-expiratory lung volume and 50% increased genioglossal activity (Inc GG+Inc EELV).

^*Significantly different from baseline;

^#significantly different from Inc GG + Inc EELV.