Pretreatment phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in CSF prior to PTI (0 min) and as a function of time (hour) after PTI in vehicle, or pretreated with rtPA (2 mg/kg iv), PAI-1-DP, U0126, SB203580, SP600125, or D-JNKI1 (ERK, p38, and JNK MAPK inhibitors, all 1 mg/kg iv), n = 5 per group. Data expressed as %control by ELISA determination of phospho-MAPK and total MAPK isoforms and subsequent normalization to total form. Pretreatment was 30 min before PTI. *P < 0.05 vs. corresponding time 0 value; +P < 0.05 vs. corresponding PTI nontreated value.