Fig. 2.

Temporal effects of diabetes on the expression of growth mediators in kidney. Shown are changes in protein expression of phosphorylated Akt (Akt-p; A), cyclin A (B), PCNA (C), and Ki67 (D) by immunoblotting. Akt-p, cyclin A, PCNA, and Ki67 expressions are all significantly elevated after the administration of streptozotocin (STZ) at day 4 (DM4*) relative to control at day 4 (Con4); left two columns. These changes in the diabetic animals do not remain significantly different from untreated controls at day 10; right two columns (Con10 vs. DM10). Furthermore, the growth response marker increases in diabetic animals at day 4 are significantly attenuated by day 10 (DM10**). The y-axes are relative densitometric units as determined by ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) and normalized for loading against β-actin. Western blot images are representative samples from the same autoradiograph. Con, vehicle-treated animals; DM, STZ-treated animals. Numbers represent time in days after treatment. Results represent means ± SE; n = 4. *Con4 vs. DM4; **DM4 vs. DM10: Akt-p, *P = 0.0033, **P = 0.0485; cyclin A, *P = 0.0018, **P = 0.0011; PCNA, *P = 0.0012, **P = 0.0014; Ki67, *P = 0.0063, **P = 0.0018.