Table 3.
Prevalence of osteopenia by corticosteroid use and smoking status stratified by gender
| Variable at last followup visit | Males | Females | Gender × Variable Interaction | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % Osteo- penic† | P* | N | % Osteo- penic† | P* | P* | |
| Cumulative oral corticosteroids - courses | |||||||
| 0 | 108 | 10.2 | ref | 66 | 24.2 | ref | ref |
| > 0 and < 5 | 268 | 13.8 | 0.26 | 168 | 21.4 | 0.46 | 0.28 |
| 5+ | 155 | 20.6 | 0.02 | 112 | 22.3 | 0.31 | 0.05 |
| Test for trend | 0.02 | 0.33 | 0.05 | ||||
| Cumulative inhaled corticosteroids - mg | |||||||
| 0 | 189 | 14.3 | ref | 118 | 19.5 | ref | ref |
| 1–437 | 126 | 17.5 | 0.50 | 84 | 20.2 | 0.54 | 0.99 |
| 438+‡ | 216 | 14.4 | 0.23 | 144 | 25.7 | 0.24 | 0.33 |
| Test for trend | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.31 | ||||
| Passive smoking | 0.90 | 0.36 | 0.70 | ||||
| No | 318 | 14.2 | 178 | 21.4 | |||
| Yes | 213 | 16.4 | 168 | 23.2 | |||
| Active smoking | 0.22 | 0.26 | 0.87 | ||||
| No | 503 | 14.9 | 320 | 21.2 | |||
| Yes | 28 | 17.9 | 26 | 34.6 | |||
Adjusted for all variables in table; race and bone mineral density at baseline; and the following variables with value at last followup visit: age, Tanner stage (genital stage for males and breast stage for females), machine type, fan beam type, body mass index for age percentile and height
Osteopenia defined as z-score less than −1 at last followup visit. Z-scores based on age and gender from longitudinal measurements of bone mineral density from patients with less than 438 mg cumulative inhaled corticosteroids and less than 5 cumulative courses of oral corticosteroids
438 mg is amount of full dose (400 μg/day) budesonide in CAMP trial for 3 years; Patients in 1–437 mg category had a median cumulative inhaled corticosteroid amount of 153 mg whereas patients in 438+ category had a median of 690 mg.