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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Signal. 2010 May 11;22(9):1350–1362. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.05.003

Fig. 9. Schematic representation of the molecular mechanism for leptin regulation of VEGF in MT.

Fig. 9

Leptin-induced upregulation of VEGF expression in MT mainly involves the activation of HIF-1α and NFκB through leptin canonic (PI-3K/AKT1 and MAPK/ERK1) and non-canonic (JNK, p38 and to less extent PKC) signalling pathways. However, leptin-induced SP1 through leptin canonic signalling pathways (JAK2/STAT3, MAPK and PI-3K) signalling pathway is also involved in VEGF gene regulation in 4T1 cells. Leptin activation of PKC may be upstream to MAPK/ERK and p38 kinases that in turn activate HIF-1α and NFκB for the regulation of VEGF expression in MT.