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. 2010 Aug 26;6(8):e1000900. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000900

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration, which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.

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(a) Color-coded cell membrane receptors/sensors: growth sensors (blue), death receptors (grey), apical markers (cyan), ECM receptors (yellow), cell-cell adhesive receptors (green); Color-coded nuclear staining: nuclei of growing cells (green), nuclei of apoptotic cells (red), nuclei of viable cells (blue). (b) Color-coded representation of epithelially polarized cells containing three membrane domains: basal consisting of ECM receptors (yellow), lateral consisting of cell-cell adhesive receptors (green) and apical consisting of apical markers (cyan). (c) Forces exerted by an elastic cell membrane modeled as a collection of short liner springs. (d) Forces exerted by an expanding (growing) cell. (e) Contractile forces exerted by a dividing cell. (f) Adhesive forces exerted by two neighboring nearby cells.