Table 1.
Study area profile*
| India 1 | India 2 | Nepal | Bangladesh | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study area (district) | Saran district, India | Muzaffarpur district, India | Saptari, Sunsari, Morang districts, Nepal | Mymensinh district, Bangladesh |
| Active case detection (ACD) area | Parsa PHC (Primary Health Center) | Kurhani PHC | Kanchanapur PHC | Kanthal Union |
| Passive case detection (PCD) area | Amnaur PHC | Musahari PHC | Kalyanpur PHC | Moshakhali Union |
| Salient characteristics of study area | Highly endemic; few public or private initiatives for VL prevention and control | Highly endemic; well served by NGO (better public awareness activities and access to VL care) | Low endemic; civil unrest limiting public health interventions | Highly endemic; lower public awareness; poor PCD |
| Average family size | 5.87 | 5.73 | 5.25 | 4.4 |
| HH head without formal education (%) | 45.2% | 41.3% | 56.3% | 51.9% |
| Mean age in years (SD) | 24.8 (18.7) | 23.6 (18.5) | 25.3 (17.8) | 25.1 (18.7) |
| Sex distribution | ||||
| Male (%) | 53.6 | 53.4 | 50.9 | 51.4 |
| Female (%) | 46.4 | 46.6 | 49.1 | 48.6 |
| Estimated VL prevalence (per 100,000) in district (surveillance data) | 200–250 | 200–250 | 53–184 | 130–310 |
*
PHC = Primany Health Center; VL = visceral leishmaniasis; NGO = nongovernmental organization; HH = household head.