Table 2.
Characteristics of study participants at baseline..
| Dementia-Free @ Baseline | Dementia @ Baseline | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | CDR 0 | CDR 0.5 | p | All | AD only | AD+VaD | VaD only | Other/Undetermined | p | |
| N | 194 | 101 | 91 | 50 | 23 | 9 | 10 | 8 | ||
| Age (SD) | 78.3 (6.9) | 76.7 (6.3) | 80.2 (7.0) | 0.0007* | 82.4 (6.8) | 84.6 (7.1) | 82.0 (5.1) | 79.4 (7.0) | 80.8 (6.4) | 0.2** |
| Education (years) (SD) | 12.5 (3.3) | 13.1 (3.2) | 12.0 (3.3) | 0.019* | 10.6 (4.3) | 10.7 (4.0) | 10.0 (3.3) | 11.1 (5.6) | 10.5 (4.8) | 0.9** |
| Sex (% F) | 84 | 94 | 73 | 0.0001*** | 90 | 87 | 89 | 90 | 100 | 0.84**** |
| Race (% AA) | 48.5 | 54 | 41 | 0.077*** | 56 | 61 | 44 | 60 | 50 | 0.91**** |
| MMSE | 27.3 (2.7) | 28.07 (2.2) | 26.6 (3.0) | 0.0001* | 24.5 (3.7) | 24.3 (3.0) | 25.0 (3.8) | 23.3 (5.19) | 26.0 (2.6) | 0.52** |
| Free Recall | 30.1 (6.3) | 32.7 (5.5) | 27.4 (6.1) | <.0001* | 19.1 (7.3) | 17.6 (8.2) | 17.1 (5.0) | 22.1 (4.0) | 22.0 (8.6) | 0.18** |
| Total Recall | 47.5 (1.6) | 47.9 (0.45) | 47.0 (2.1) | 0.0001* | 41.5 (8.9) | 39.1 (10.5) | 39.9 (8.4) | 45.8 (4.0) | 44.5 (6.4) | 0.095** |
| Cue Efficiency | .978 (.055) | .994 (.022) | .962 (.073) | 0.0001* | .813 (.227) | .760 (.257) | .750 (.237) | .923 (.137) | .896 (.156) | 0.79** |
*
Mann-Whitney test
**
Kruskal-Wallis test
***
Pearson chi-squared test
****
Fisher exact test
SD: standard deviation
F: Female
AA: African American
MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination
Notes: Two patients who were diagnosed with dementia at baseline were re-classified as dementia-free at final follow-up and are not included in the CDR breakdown but are included in the statistics for all dementia free patients at baseline.
The p-values reflect the comparisons between the dementia free groups and among the dementia subgroups.