Table (2).
Associations between HCV high viral load* and participants' demographic, lifestyle and clinical characteristics overall and stratified by their HIV status
| Overall (N=1,266) |
HIV negative (N=795) |
HIV-positive (N=471) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) ‡ | |||
| Race | |||
| Non Hispanic White | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Others | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) | 1.2 (0.8-1.7) | 1.0 (0.6-1.6) |
| Gender | |||
| Male | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Female | 0.5 (0.3-0.9) | 0.6 (0.3-1.0) | 0.5 (0.03-7.6) |
| Age at enrollment (yr) | |||
| 13-26 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 27-35 | 1.8 (1.3-2.6) | 1.7 (1.1-2.7) | 1.5 (0.8-2.7) |
| 36-46 | 1.9 (1.4-2.6) | 1.9 (1.3-2.9) | 1.5 (0.9-2.7) |
| 47-88 | 2.3 (1.6-3.2) | 2.5 (1.7-3.7) | 1.9 (0.9-4.0) |
| Body Mass Index | |||
| <25 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| >=25 | 1.6 (1.2-2.0) | 1.8 (1.3-2.4) | 1.4 (0.9-2.1) |
| Alcohol consumption§ | |||
| None | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 1- < 2 drinks/week | 10 (0.7-1.4) | 1.2 (0.8-1.8) | 0.7 (0.4-1.2) |
| 2+ drinks/week | 1.2 (0.9-1.6) | 1.3 (0.9-1.8) | 1.1 (0.6-1.8) |
| Smoking regularly | |||
| Never | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Former | 1.3 (0.9-1.9) | 1.4 (0.9-2.3) | 1.2 (0.6-2.4) |
| Current | 1.2 (0.9-1.6) | 1.2 (0.9-1.7) | 1.2 (0.7-1.8) |
| Hemophilia type | |||
| A | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| B | 10 (0.7-1.4) | 1.1 (0.8-1.6) | 1.0 (0.5-1.9) |
| Others | 0.6 (0.4-1.0) | 0.8 (0.5-1.2) | 0.2 (0.01-3.3) |
| Hemophilia severity | |||
| Severe | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Moderate | 1.1 (0.8-1.6) | 1.2 (0.8-1.9) | 1.2 (0.7-2.1) |
| Mild | 0.8 (0.6-1.1) | 1.0 (0.7-1.4) | 0.8 (0.4-1.6) |
| Duration of HCV infection (yr) | |||
| 11-21 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 22-27 | 1.4 (1.0-1.9) | 1.1 (0.8-1.7) | 1.4 (0.7-2.8) |
| 28-32 | 1.7 (1.2-2.5) | 1.9 (1.2-3.1) | 1.1 (0.6-2.5) |
| 33-55 | 2.4 (1.7-3.4) | 2.5 (1.6-3.9) | 1.7 (0.8-3.5) |
| Calendar year at HCV infection | |||
| 1947-1969 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 1970-1975 | 0.9 (0.6-1.3) | 0.8 (0.5-1.2) | 1.1 (0.6-1.8) |
| 1976-1980 | 0.6 (0.4-0.9) | 0.5 (0.3-0.7) | 0.9 (0.5-1.6) |
| 1981-1990 | 0.5 (0.3-0.7) | 0.4 (0.3-0.6) | 1.0 (0.5-2.1) |
| Age at HCV infection | |||
| 0-2 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 3-7 | 1.4 (1.0-2.0) | 1.3 (0.8-2.1) | 1.4 (0.8-2.4) |
| 8-15 | 1.6 (1.2-2.3) | 2.0 (1.3-3.1) | 1.3 (0.7-2.2) |
| 16-60 | 1.5 (1.1-2.2) | 1.9 (1.3-2.9) | 1.4 (0.6-3.0) |
| Age at infection/duration | |||
| Before age 10, for ≤25 years | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Before age 10, for >25 years | 2.0 (1.4-2.8) | 2.3 (1.5-3.7) | 1.2 (0.7-2.1) |
| At/after age 10, for ≤25 years | 1.3 (0.9-1.9) | 1.4 (0.9-2.2) | 1.3 (0.5-3.2) |
| At/after age 10, for >25 years | 2.1 (1.5-2.9) | 2.5 (1.7-3.6) | 1.3 (0.7-2.5) |
| HCV genotype | |||
| 1 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 2 or 3 | 1.2 (0.9-1.7) | 1.4 (0.9-2.1) | 0.9 (0.5-1.6) |
| others | 1.2 (0.7-2.1) | 1.2 (0.5-2.6) | 1.1 (0.4-2.6) |
| HBV co-infection | |||
| Uninfected | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Chronic | 1.3 (0.5-2.3) | 1.0 (0.4-2.6) | 1.0 (0.3-2.9) |
| Resolved | 1.6 (1.2-2.1) | 1.7 (1.2-2.4) | 1.2 (0.7-2.0) |
| Undetermined | 1.4 (1.0-1.9) | 1.3 (0.9-1.9) | 1.2 (0.7-2.1) |
| HIV co-infection | |||
| No | Ref | N/A | |
| Yes | 1.5 (1.2-1.9) | ||
| Current antiretroviral therapy | |||
| None | Ref | ||
| Combination | N/A | 1.7 (1.1-2.8) | |
| Other | 1.7 (0.9-3.2) | ||
*
High viral load is >2 million copies/ml
‡
Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) comparing subjects with high HCV viral load to those with low viral load
Underlined OR are significant at p<0.05
§
In the past 3 months