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Pathophysiology of diabetic atherosclerosis. The state of insulin resistance often accompanying diabetes creates a metabolic environment fertile for the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Insulin-resistant fat cells contribute to dyslipidemia, an increased inflammatory milieu, and dysfunctional macrophages, endothelium, and smooth muscle cells. HDL—high-density lipoprotein; LDL—low-density lipoprotein; MMP—matrix metalloproteinase.
