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Schematic diagram showing the proposed mechanism through which serotonin (5-HT) from dorsal raphe (DR) or pericoeruleus region (PC) modulates the LC role in the hypercapnia-induced hyperpnea. Hypercapnia induces an increase in the release of 5-HT in the LC, which acts on postsynaptic 5-HT2A receptors to inhibit noradrenergic (NA) neurons and may act on presynaptic 5-HT1A receptors to regulate its own release. Adapted from de Souza Moreno et al. (2010).
