Table 4.

Selected passively nanotargeted tumor nuclear imaging and radiotherapeutic applications.

Nanoparticles	Radionuclides	Imaging or Radiotherapeutics	Applications	Reference
Liposomes	99mTc, 111In, 67Ga,  99mTc	Gamma imaging	Multitude diagnostics of tumor, infection, Inflammation, and lymphoscintigraphy	[28, 29, 60–62]
Liposomes	111In	Gamma/SPECT imaging	Clinical biodistribution, PK and imaging studies of breast, head and neck, glioma and lung cancer patients	[53, 62]
Liposomes	18F	PET imaging	Liposomal tracking in vivo with 18F-limposome-PET imaging	[66–68]
Liposomes	111In, 177Lu	Gamma/SPECT imaging	Gamma imaging of tumor targeting for C26 and HT29/luc animal models	[70, 71]
Liposomes	64Cu	PET imaging	Passive targeted delivery and imaging with bioconjugated 64Cu-BAT- PEG-liposome	[69]
Liposomes	131I, 90Y, 188Re, 67Cu	Radiotherapeutics	An analytical dosimetry study for the use of radionuclide-liposome conjugates in internal radiotherapy	[74]
Liposomes	186Re	Radiotherapeutics	Intraoperative 186Re-liposome radionuclide therapy in a head and neck squanous cell carcinoma xenograft positive surgical margin model	[78]
Liposomes	111In, 188Re	Radiotherapeutics	Imaging, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic efficacy studies of 111In/188Re-liposome on C26 and HT-29 tumor-bearing animal models	[70, 72, 80, 81]
Liposomess	225Ac	Radiotherapeutics	Targeted α-particles emitters of 225Ac-generators encapsulated in liposomes as therapeutic agents for micrometastases cancer	[82–84]
Liposomes	10B	Radiotherapeutics	10B-liposomes nanotargeted therapeutics for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT)	[85, 86]
Liposomes	111In, 188Re	Radiochemo-therapeutics	Imaging, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic efficacy, and dosimetry studies of 111In/188Re-VNB/DXR-liposome on C26 and HT-29 tumor/ascites-bearing animal models	[71, 73, 81, 90–93]

mAb: monoclonal antibody, CNT: carbon nanotube, QD: quantum dots, IO: iron oxide.