Table 5.

Selected actively nanotargeted tumor nuclear imaging and radiotherapeutic applications.

Nanoparticles	Radionuclides	Imaging or Radiotherapeutics	Applications	Reference
Immunoliposome	111In	Gamma imaging and therapeutics	111In-liposome-2C5(mAb) nucleosome-specific monoclonal 2C5 targeting delivery vehicles for tumor visualization of murine lewis lung carcinoma and human HT-29 tumors	[45–47]
Perfluorocarbon nanoparticles	111In	Gamma imaging	Imaging of targeted tumor angiogenesis of αvβ3-integrin in Vx-2 rabbit tumors	[48]
Carbon nanotubes	111In	Gamma or SPECT imaging	Multifunctional targeted delivery and imaging with. functionalized and bioconjugated 111In-DOTA-CNT-Rituximab nanoconstructs	[40]
Quantum dots	64Cu	Bifunctional PET/NIRF imaging	Dual-functional targeted delivery with amine functionalized 64Cu-DOTA-QD-RGD for tumor angiogenesis PET/NIRF imaging	[37]
Quantum dots	64Cu	Bifunctional PET/NIRF imaging	Dual-functional targeted delivery with amine functionalized 64Cu-DOTA-QD-VEGF for tumor angiogenesis PET/NIRF imaging	[38]
Quantum dots	18F	Bifunctional PET/optical imaging	18F labeled phospholipids quantum dot micelles for in vivo multimodal imaging	[39]
Iron oxide	64Cu	Bifunctional PET/MRI imaging	PET/MRI dual-modality tumor angiogenesis imaging with 64Cu-DOTA-IO-RGD nanoconstructs	[32, 33]
Iron oxide	18F	Trimodel MRI/PET-CT/optical imaging	18F labeled iron oxide for in vivo PET-CT imaging	[34]
Polymer	99mTc	Scintigraphic images of tumor targeting	Targeting tumor angiogenesis: comparison of 99mTc -peptide and 99mTc -polymer-peptide conjugates	[35]
Dendrimers	76Br	RGD directed-demdrimers PET imaging	76Br labeled RGD-directed-dendritic nanoprobes for PET imaging of angiogenesis	[36]
Streptavidin	111In	Radiotherapeutics	111In labeled 3-component streptavidin (111In-MORF/tat/trastuzmab) nanoparticles for auger electron induced antisense-mediated cytoxicity of tumor cells	[50]
Immunoliposomes	90Y	Radiotherapeutics	Targeted antiangiogenesis of αvβ3-integrin or VEGFR2 anti-FLK-1 therapy with nanotargeted therapeutics of 90Y-DTPA-liposome-IA(integrin antagonist) or 90Y-DTPA-liposome-mAb	[49]
Immunoliposomes	225Ac	Radiotherapeutics	Targeted α-particles emitters of 225Ac-generators encapsulated in liposomes as therapeutic agents for micrometastases cancer	[82–84]
Immunoiposomes and Folate-dendrimers	10B	Radiotherapeutics	10B-immunoliposomes-anti-EGFR and 10B-PAMAM dendrimers-anti-folate nanotargeted therapeutics for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT)	[51, 52]