Figure 9. The CD13⁺ CSCs of the liver generate genotoxic resistance through reduced levels of ROS (proposed schema).

(A) Results indicate that CD13⁺CD90^– CSCs of the liver are dormant and exhibit reduced intracellular ROS levels and, because of increased antioxidants, may result in resistance to genotoxic chemo/radiation therapy. On the other hand, CD13^–CD90⁺ CSCs actively proliferate and are sensitive to therapy. (B) Neutralization or inhibition of CD13 may result in an increase in intracellular ROS in CD13⁺CD90^– CSCs and induction of apoptosis.