Table 5.

Median urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations (μg/g creatinine) reported in female populations

	No.	Year	Location	MEP	MnBP	MiBP	MBzP	MEHP	MECPP	MEHHP	MEOHP MCPP		MMP
Girls ages 6–8 a (Wolff et al. 2007)	90	2004–2005	NY, OH, CA	83.2	37.4	7.7	22.2	3.2	53.2	25.9	17.8	6.3	< LOD
Pregnant women ages 18–35, African American and Dominican (Adibi et al. 2003)	30	2000	NY	236	42.6 b	b	12.1	4.6	-	-	-	-	-
Pregnant women a, African American and Dominican (Adibi et al. 2008)	246	1999–2005	NY	202	35.5	10.2	17.2	4.8	37.1	19.9	17.5	2.0	-
Pregnant women ≥ age 18 a (Swan et al. 2005)	85	1999–2002	CA, MN, MO	128.4	13.5	2.5	8.3	3.3	-	11.4	11.1	2.1	0.7
Pregnant women a (Wolff et al. 2008)	382	1998–2002	NY	380	36	6.2	22	6.0	35	20	17	3.2	1.6
Pregnant women a ages 18–41 (Ye et al. 2008)	100	2004–2006	The Netherlands	117	42.7	42.1	7.5	6.9	18.4	14.0	14.5	1.0	< LOD
German females ages 7–64 (Koch et al. 2003)	53 c	2002	Germany	94.3	184	-	19.7	9.5	-	36.0	29.3	-	-
Women ages 35–49 years African American (Hoppin et al 2002)	46 c	1996–1997	Washington DC	134.8	43.4 b	b	21.6	6.4	-	-	-	-	-
NHANES females ≥ age 6 (CDC 2005)	1326	1999–2000	US	157	28.6	-	14.7	3.33	-	-	-	-	-
NHANES females ≥ age 6 (CDC 2005)	1411	2001–2002	US	171	21.5	2.83	15.1	4.43	-	17.6	12.0	2.75	1.45
Hmong females ages 18–46 (current study)	45 c	2005	WI	60.4	23.5	7.3	24.1	3.6	32.2	18.4	12.8	1.9	2.14 d

^aMedian values are not corrected for creatinine, reported in μg/L

^bMonobutyl phthalate concentration reported as combination of mono-n-butyl phthalate and mono-isobutyl phthalate

^cFirst morning voids

^dDetected in only 17 of 92 samples (18.5%)