Table 1.

Criteria and rationale for exclusions, and list of excluded studies

Exclusion Criteria	Rationale for exclusions	Studies fully or partially excluded
Non-conventional beverages enriched with proteins and fats	Limited availability; Limited usage	Westerterp-Plantenga and Verwegen 199921; Wilson et al. 200222; Woodend and Anderson 200173.
Comparison beverages with sugars and sugar mixtures other than sucrose, fructose, glucose	Limited availability; Limited usage	Birch et al. 198943; Raynor and Epstein 200020; Shafer et al. 198748; Yeomans et al. 199974.
Beverages with mixed caloric and non-caloric sweeteners	Unable to be grouped cleanly with caloric and non-caloric beverages	Woodend and Anderson 200173; Akhavan and Anderson 200750; Birch et al. 198943; Guss et al. 199451; Spitzer and Rodin 198749.
Comparisons with alcoholic beverages	Previously shown to be additive to meal calories75; unclear relationship between alcohol calories and BMI appears to rest on absorption and metabolism issues unable to be addressed.	Mattes 199612; Poppitt et al. 199676; Westerterp-Plantenga and Verwegen 199921; Yeomans et al. 199974; Yeomans and Phillips 200277.
Studies presenting a food item that varied with the preload	Masking of beverage effects	Cecil et al. 200578.
Studies of athletes, studies in conjunction with exercise, military studies.	Representation of extreme circumstance not necessarily relevant to typical physiologic process.	Engell 198879; Engell D 199580; King et al. 199981.