Figure 1.

A diagram of the flow-by system for exposure of hMVEC to CCS. The inlet of a modular incubator chamber was connected to a flask containing 1,000 mL of PBS, and the outlet was connected to a vacuum line through a valve for adjustment of flow rates and an absorption unit. Culture dishes in the exposure chamber were exposed to CCS generated by burning 2R4F cigarettes and passing through PBS at a rate of one cigarette per four minutes. Cells in the control chamber were treated under identical conditions with an unlit cigarette.