Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and substance dependence information for cocaine users and healthy controls
| Cocaine Users (n = 39) | Healthy Controls (n = 39) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)1 | 38 ± 6.2 (27–47) | 40 ± 5.1 (25–49) | ||
| Education (years)1 | 13.2 ± 1.7 (10–16) | 12.9 ± 1.3 (10–18) | ||
| WAIS vocabulary score1 | 58 ± 8.2 (45–76) | 58 ± 7.2 (44–73) | ||
| Gender (male/female)1 | 23/16 | 29/10 | ||
| Ethnicity1 | ||||
| African American | 34 | 28 | ||
| Asian | — | 1 | ||
| Caucasian | 3 | 9 | ||
| Hispanic | — | 1 | ||
| mixed | 2 | — | ||
| Drug | Dependence/Abuse/Recreational Use2 | Dependence/Abuse/Recreational Use | ||
| Current | Past | Current | Past | |
| Cocaine | 34/4/1 | 22/10/7 | 0/0/0 | 0/0/0 |
| Alcohol | 0/2/31 | 3/9/23 | 0/1/19 | 0/2/24 |
| Amphatamine | 0 | 1/0/1 | 0 | 0 |
| Barbiturate | 0 | 0/0/1 | 0 | 0 |
| Downer | 0 | 0/1/0 | 0 | 0 |
| Heroin | 0/0/1 | 1/2/4 | 0 | 0 |
| Hallucinogen | 0 | 0/1/1 | 0 | 0 |
| Minor tranquilizer | 0 | 0/0/1 | 0 | 0 |
| Nicotine | 15/2/14 | 12/1/18 | 9/0/5 | 9/0/5 |
| PCP | 0 | 0/1/2 | 0 | 0 |
| Qualude | 0 | 1/0/0 | 0 | 0 |
| THC | 0/5/15 | 4/9/19 | 0/0/0 | 0/0/4 |
Mean ± SD (range) are shown.
1
There was no significant difference between the groups in age (t(76) = −1.54, p = 0.13), education years (t(76) = 1.05, p = 0.30), WAIS vocabulary score (t(76) = −0.25, p = 0.80), gender (χ2 = 1.44, p = 0.23), or ethnicity (χ2 = 7.58, p = 0.11)
2
Dependence and abuse classifications were based on DSM-IV criteria. Recreational use included people who had at least 5 lifetime usage of that substance.