Table 4.
Item response theory analyses of AUD by Emergency Room Collaborative Alcohol Analysis Project sites
| Variable | Base model (DSM-IV 11 criteria) | Model with craving (DSM-IV 11 criteria +craving) | ||||
| Discrimination Severity (SE) | Severity (SE) | Discrimination Severity (SE) | Severity (SE) | |||
| Santa Clara, CA, United States | ||||||
| Tolerance (D) | 1.97(0.2) | 1.10(0.07) | 2.00 (0.2) | 1.09(0.07) | ||
| Withdrawal (D) | 2.15(0.2) | 0.86(0.06) | 2.17(0.2) | 0.86 (0.06) | ||
| Larger/longer (D) | 2.19(0.3) | 0.73(0.06) | 2.18(0.3) | 0.73 (0.06) | ||
| Quit/control (D) | 2.99(0.4) | 1.00(0.06) | 2.96 (0.4) | 1.00(0.06) | ||
| Time spent (D) | 3.52 (0.5) | 0.98 (0.06) | 3.69 (0.6) | 0.97 (0.06) | ||
| Activities given up (D) | 3.03(0.5) | 1.19(0.07) | 3.08 (0.5) | 1.18(0.07) | ||
| Physical/psychological problems (D) | 1.89(0.2) | 0.80(0.06) | 1.93(0.2) | 0.79 (0.06) | ||
| Neglect roles (A) | 1.38(0.1) | 1.24(0.09) | 1.37(0.1) | 1.24(0.09) | ||
| Hazardous use (A) | 1.39(0.2) | 1.52(0.11) | 1.41 (0.2) | 1.51 (0.10) | ||
| Legal problems (A) | 1.79 (0.2) | 1.52 (0.09) | 1.75(0.2) | 1.53(0.09) | ||
| Social/interpersonal problems (A) | 1.73 (0.2) | 0.98 (0.07) | 1.70(0.2) | 0.98 (0.07) | ||
| Craving | — | — | 2.62(0.3) | 1.10(0.07) | ||
| BIC | 5,602.446 | 5,933.384 | ||||
| Sample-size adjusted BIC | 5,532.578 | 5,857.165 | ||||
| AIC | 5,497.188 | 5,818.557 | ||||
| Pachuca, Mexico | ||||||
| Tolerance (D) | 2.32(0.4) | 1.69(0.11) | 2.43 (0.4) | 1.69(0.11) | ||
| Withdrawal (D) | 1.38(0.2) | 1.14(0.10) | 1.36(0.2) | 1.15(0.10) | ||
| Larger/longer (D) | 3.41(0.6) | 1.11(0.07) | 3.38 (0.6) | 1.11 (0.07) | ||
| Quit/control (D) | 1.33(0.2) | 1.44(0.12) | 1.34(0.2) | 1.44(0.11) | ||
| Time spent (D) | 2.88(0.5) | 1.46(0.09) | 2.75 (0.4) | 1.47(0.09) | ||
| Activities given up (D) | 2.14(0.4) | 1.67(0.11) | 2.08 (0.4) | 1.69(0.12) | ||
| Physical/psychological problems (D) | 1.88(0.3) | 1.30(0.09) | 1.85(0.3) | 1.30(0.09) | ||
| Neglect roles (A) | 2.13(0.3) | 1.13(0.08) | 2.11(0.3) | 1.13(0.08) | ||
| Hazardous use (A) | 1.23(0.2) | 2.18(0.23) | 1.21(0.2) | 2.20 (0.23) | ||
| Legal problems (A) | 1.76(0.4) | 2.39(0.25) | 1.95(0.5) | 2.32 (0.22) | ||
| Social/interpersonal problems (A) | 1.91(0.3) | 1.62(0.11) | 1.94(0.3) | 1.62(0.11) | ||
| Craving | — | — | 1.91 (0.3) | 1.70(0.12) | ||
| BIC | 2,680.439 | 2,846.414 | ||||
| Sample-size adjusted BIC | 2,610.602 | 2,770.228 | ||||
| AIC | 2,585.741 | 2,743.107 | ||||
| Mar del Plata, Argentina | ||||||
| Tolerance (D) | 1.43(0.2) | 1.74(0.14) | 1.39(0.2) | 1.76(0.14) | ||
| Withdrawal (D) | 1.26(0.2) | 1.72(0.14) | 1.29(0.2) | 1.71 (0.14) | ||
| Larger/longer (D) | 1.99 (0.3) | 1.23 (0.09) | 2.06 (0.3) | 1.21 (0.08) | ||
| Quit/control (D) | 1.60(0.2) | 1.68(0.13) | 1.60(0.2) | 1.68(0.13) | ||
| Time spent (D) | 2.88(0.5) | 1.30(0.08) | 2.81 (0.5) | 1.30(0.08) | ||
| Activities given up (D) | 3.45(0.9) | 1.69(0.11) | 3.59 (0.9) | 1.68(0.10) | ||
| Physical/psychological problems (D) | 2.57 (0.4) | 1.25 (0.08) | 2.63 (0.4) | 1.25(0.08) | ||
| Neglect roles (A) | 1.57 (0.2) | 1.58 (0.12) | 1.55(0.2) | 1.59(0.12) | ||
| Hazardous use (A) | 1.49(0.2) | 1.74(0.14) | 1.45(0.2) | 1.76(0.14) | ||
| Legal problems (A) | 2.35 (0.7) | 2.32 (0.19) | 2.22 (0.6) | 2.35 (0.19) | ||
| Social/interpersonal problems (A) | 1.87 (0.3) | 1.67 (0.12) | 1.86(0.3) | 1.67(0.12) | ||
| Craving | — | — | 1.84(0.3) | 1.73(0.13) | ||
| BIC | 2,907.884 | 3,097.797 | ||||
| Sample-size adjusted BIC | 2,838.033 | 3,021.596 | ||||
| AIC | 2,808.988 | 2,989.911 | ||||
| Warsaw and Sosnowiec, Poland | ||||||
| Tolerance (D) | 1.33(0.2) | 2.18(0.14) | 1.30(0.2) | 2.21 (0.15) | ||
| Withdrawal (D) | 1.58(0.2) | 1.44(0.08) | 1.58(0.2) | 1.44(0.08) | ||
| Larger/longer (D) | 1.28(0.1) | 1.61(0.10) | 1.26(0.1) | 1.62(0.10) | ||
| Quit/control (D) | 1.78(0.3) | 2.11(0.13) | 1.71(0.3) | 2.14(0.14) | ||
| Time spent (D) | 2.76(0.5) | 2.02(0.10) | 2.75 (0.5) | 2.03 (0.10) | ||
| Activities given up (D) | 2.13(0.3) | 2.21(0.12) | 2.07 (0.3) | 2.23 (0.13) | ||
| Physical/psychological problems (D) | 1.58(0.2) | 1.54(0.09) | 1.57(0.2) | 1.54(0.09) | ||
| Neglect roles (A) | 1.48(0.2) | 1.82(0.11) | 1.42(0.2) | 1.85(0.11) | ||
| Hazardous use (A) | 1.34(0.2) | 2.12(0.14) | 1.30(0.2) | 2.15(0.15) | ||
| Legal problems (A) | 2.38 (0.4) | 2.22 (0.13) | 2.33 (0.4) | 2.24(0.13) | ||
| Social/interpersonal problems (A) | 2.44(0.4) | 1.61(0.08) | 2.44 (0.4) | 1.61 (0.08) | ||
| Craving | — | — | 1.64(0.3) | 2.01 (0.13) | ||
| BIC | 4,054.591 | 4,327.394 | ||||
| Sample-size adjusted BIC | 3,984.713 | 4,251.164 | ||||
| AIC | 3,944.563 | 4,207.364 | ||||
Notes: AUD = alcohol use disorder; DSM-IV = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition; BIC = Bayesian information criterion; AIC = Akaike information criterion.