Table 6.
Studies giving a PPV of ≥5% in one or more strata of symptoms for urological cancer.
| Stratification with PPV ≥5% |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study and NOQAS star rating | Cancers | Type | Data | Follow-up | Age, years | Sex | Symptom or sign | Sex | Age, years | Number with symptom | PPV, %(95% CI) |
| Jones et al, 200712 (9 stars) | Urethra, bladder, ureter and kidney | Retrospective cohort | Routinely recorded computer codes | 3 years | ≥15 | M+F | Haematuria computer codes | M | 55–64 | 1104 | 8.5 (6.9 to 10.3) |
| 65–74 | 1517 | 11.2 (9.7 to 12.9) | |||||||||
| 75–84 | 1198 | 10.3 (8.6 to 12.1) | |||||||||
| ≥85 | 358 | 9.2 (6.4 to 12.7) | |||||||||
| F | 65–74 | 846 | 5.9 (4.4 to 7.7) | ||||||||
| 75–84 | 688 | 6.8 (5.1 to 9.0) | |||||||||
| ≥85 | 293 | 8.5 (5.6 to 12.3) | |||||||||
| Bruyninckx et al, 200330 (7 stars) | Any of the urological tract | Prospective cohort | Routinely registered | 18–30 months | Not given | M+F | Cases macroscopic haematuria | M | ≥60 | Not given 22.1 | (15.8 to 30.1) |
| F | 40–59 | Not given | 6.4 (1.7 to 18.6) | ||||||||
| ≥60 | Not given | 8.3.(3.4 to 17.9) | |||||||||
| Hamilton et al, 200631 (7 stars) | Prostate | Case-control | Routinely recorded data including free text | NA | ≥40 | M | Rectal examination malignant | M | ≥40 | Cases 5, controls 41 | 12.0 (5.0 to 37.0) |
F = female. M = male. NA = not applicable. NOQAS = Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scales. PPV = positive predictive value.