Table 4.
Risk of Narcolepsy Associated With Hobbies and Other Non-Vocational Activities That Subjects Performed Before the Age of 21
| Among 67 cases with and without cataplexy, and 95 controls | Among 45 cases with cataplexy†, and 95 controls | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percentages* | ||||||||
| Exposure | Cases | Controls | OR | 95% CI | P-value‡ | OR | 95% CI | P-value‡ |
| LEATHER WORK | ||||||||
| Any exposure | 14.9 | 7.9 | 1.3 | 0.4, 4.1 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 0.5, 5.3 | 0.4 |
| Cumulative hours | 0.6 | 0.9 | ||||||
| None | 85.1 | 92.1 | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | ||
| 1-479 | 11.9 | 3.1 | 3.7 | 0.9, 14.4 | 4.5 | 1.0, 20.0 | ||
| 480+ | 3.0 | 4.8 | 0.2 | 0.02, 1.2 | 0.3 | 0.04, 2.0 | ||
| CERAMICS | ||||||||
| Any exposure | 23.9 | 14.7 | 2.0 | 0.9, 4.7 | 0.11 | 2.8 | 1.1, 7.0 | 0.034 |
| Cumulative hours | 0.11 | 0.030 | ||||||
| None | 76.1 | 85.3 | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | ||
| 1-239 | 10.5 | 7.2 | 1.7 | 0.5, 5.8 | 2.1 | 0.5, 8.5 | ||
| 240+ | 13.4 | 7.5 | 2.3 | 0.7, 6.8 | 3.3 | 1.0, 20.8 | ||
| HOUSE PAINTING | ||||||||
| Any exposure | 13.4 | 15.7 | 1.0 | 0.3, 3.1 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 0.4, 4.5 | 0.7 |
| Cumulative hours | 1.0 | 0.8 | ||||||
| None | 86.6 | 84.3 | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | ||
| 1-83 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 1.0 | 0.2, 5.4 | 1.6 | 0.3, 8.8 | ||
| 84+ | 7.4 | 10.7 | 1.0 | 0.2, 4.2 | 1.0 | 0.2, 5.9 | ||
| OIL PAINTING | ||||||||
| Any exposure | 10.5 | 7.2 | 1.3 | 0.3, 4.8 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 0.3, 4.9 | 0.8 |
| Cumulative hours | 0.8 | 0.9 | ||||||
| None | 89.6 | 92.8 | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | ||
| 1-119 | 4.5 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 0.3, 12.5 | 2.5 | 0.4, 17.1 | ||
| 120+ | 5.9 | 5.7 | 1.0 | 0.2, 5.3 | 0.5 | 0.06, 3.9 | ||
| WOODWORKING | ||||||||
| Any exposure | 23.4 | 16.0 | 1.6 | 0.6, 3.9 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 0.6, 4.2 | 0.4 |
| Cumulative hours | 0.07 | 0.2 | ||||||
| None | 77.6 | 84.5 | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | ||
| 1-119 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 0.7 | 0.2, 3.4 | 1.0 | 0.2, 5.2 | ||
| 120+ | 16.4 | 9.2 | 3.0 | 1.0, 8.9 | 2.5 | 0.7, 8.7 | ||
| ENGINES OR MOTORS | ||||||||
| Any exposure | 13.4 | 15.9 | 0.9 | 0.3, 2.4 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.2, 2.5 | 0.7 |
| Cumulative hours | 0.9 | 0.5 | ||||||
| None | 86.6 | 84.1 | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | ||
| 1-179 | 4.5 | 6.6 | 0.8 | 0.2, 3.4 | 1.3 | 0.3, 6.1 | ||
| 180+ | 8.9 | 9.3 | 1.0 | 0.3, 3.6 | 0.5 | 0.1, 2.4 | ||
| WOODEN OR PLASTIC MODELS | ||||||||
| Any exposure | 14.9 | 23.0 | 0.7 | 0.3, 1.8 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.2, 1.5 | 0.2 |
| Cumulative hours | 0.7 | 0.4 | ||||||
| None | 85.1 | 77.0 | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | ||
| 1-155 | 6.0 | 9.6 | 0.4 | 0.1, 1.8 | 0.2 | 0.03, 1.1 | ||
| 156+ | 8.9 | 13.4 | 1.0 | 0.3, 3.3 | 1.0 | 0.2, 3.8 | ||
| CHEMISTRY SETS | ||||||||
| Any exposure | 31.4 | 23.2 | 1.5 | 0.6, 3.4 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 0.5, 3.3 | 0.6 |
| Cumulative hours | 0.2 | 0.6 | ||||||
| None | 68.7 | 76.8 | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | ||
| 1-119 | 10.5 | 12.7 | 1.0 | 0.3, 3.4 | 1.2 | 0.3, 4.5 | ||
| 120+ | 20.9 | 10.5 | 1.9 | 0.7, 5.1 | 1.3 | 0.4, 4.0 | ||
| APPLICATION OF FERTILIZER | ||||||||
| Any exposure | 26.9 | 19.7 | 1.8 | 0.7, 4.6 | 0.2 | 1.4 | 0.4, 3.9 | 0.6 |
| Cumulative times | 0.08 | 0.4 | ||||||
| No | 73.1 | 80.3 | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | ||
| 1-3 | 4.5 | 9.7 | 0.4 | 0.1, 2.3 | 0.6 | 0.1, 3.6 | ||
| 4+ | 22.4 | 10.0 | 3.1 | 1.1, 9.1 | 1.9 | 0.6, 5.6 | ||
| APPLICATION OF BUG OR WEED KILLER | ||||||||
| Any exposure | 23.9 | 14.2 | 2.1 | 0.8, 5.4 | 0.12 | 1.6 | 0.5, 4.9 | 0.4 |
| Cumulative times | 0.02 | 0.026 | ||||||
| None | 76.1 | 85.8 | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | ||
| 1-5 | 3.0 | 7.6 | 0.3 | 0.04, 1.9 | -- | -- | ||
| 6+ | 20.9 | 6.6 | 4.5 | 1.5, 13.4 | 4.0 | 1.2, 13.8 | ||
*
Percentages were weighted by the inverse of the final selection probability
†
Cataplexy defined as present after medical chart review, or by a positive screen developed by Anic-Labat and colleagues.
‡
p-value from Wald test in multivariate model adjusted for African American race and household income; for ordinal variables with ≥2 categories, Wald test of continuous variable constitutes test for linear trend